Mass, Spacetime Symmetry, de Sitter Vacuum, and the Higgs Mechanism

Irina Dymnikova

doi:10.3390/sym12040634

Abstract

We address the question of the intrinsic relation between mass, gravity, spacetime symmetry, and the Higgs mechanism implied by involvement of the de Sitter vacuum as its basic ingredient (a false vacuum). Incorporating the de Sitter vacuum, the Higgs mechanism implicitly incorporates the generic relation between mass, gravity, and spacetime symmetry revealed in the frame of General Relativity for all objects involving the de Sitter vacuum. We overview two observational cases which display and verify this relation, the case known as “negative mass square problem” for neutrino, and appearance of a minimal length scale in e + e − annihilation.

Highlights

In the Higgs mechanism, fermions acquire masses via spontaneous symmetry breaking of incorporated scalar fields so that a symmetry of the Lagrangian is not respected by the vacuum states [1,2,3].In the current literature, there exist proposals concerning the relation of mass with spacetime symmetry [6,7] and the relation of mass with gravity [8].The first proposal is developed on the basis of the concept of spontaneous breaking of the Lorentz symmetry [6]
To look for a physical mechanism responsible for appearance of the minimal length in annihilation by involving gravity and the de Sitter vacuum which is able to prevent a formation of singularities by its intrinsic negative pressure, we appeal to the relevant generic model-independent feature of a spinning electrically charged nonlinear electrodynamics coupled to gravity (NED-GR) soliton—its interior de Sitter vacuum [19]
The Higgs mechanism endows a particle with a mass via spontaneous symmetry breaking of intrinsically incorporated scalar fields in a false vacuum state which satisfies the equation of state for the de Sitter vacuum, p = −ρ

Summary

Introduction

In the Higgs mechanism, fermions acquire masses via spontaneous symmetry breaking of incorporated scalar fields so that a symmetry of the Lagrangian is not respected by the vacuum states [1,2,3] (for overview [4,5]). The NED-GR equations predict, for an arbitrary gauge invariant lagrangian without any additional requirements except WEC, the existence of spinning electrically charged electromagnetic solitons related by electromagnetic and gravitational interactions, with the gyromagnetic ratio g = 2 for a distant observer They are described in the self-consistent way by the source-free NED-GR dynamical equations; the source term in the Einstein equations is presented by the nonlinear electromagnetic field itself which always has the algebraic structure Ttt = Trr. The basic generic model-independent feature of the electromagnetic soliton is the equatorial disk of the de Sitter vacuum with properties of a perfect conductor and ideal diamagnetic [19]. Estimates for the gravito-electroweak scale (11) appear at the same scale as predicted by theories of the gravito-electroweak unification [34,35,36]

Observational Case

Basic Features of Spinning Electromagnetic Soliton

Origin of the Minimal Length in Annihilation

Conclusions