Abstract
Little works considered the optimization of working fluids in solar systems. Engineers, designers and scientists are interested with the optimization problems, furthermore it is very important specially, for solar systems to improve the energetic behavior and increase their efficiencies as a conversion system of solar irradiance to a useful thermal power. According to the available literature, the criteria of optimization mainly relates to energetic and economic analysis (one of them or both). The analysis was based upon the maximum useful energy obtained from solar collector. Accordingly, the optimum mass flow rate was found aspires to infinity. The second analysis is based upon minimum cost of the unit of useful energy [$/W]. The optimum mass flow rate of solar air-heating flat-plate collector for the considered domestic solar heating system has been found 29 kg/h per square meters of solar collectors. This paper deals with a third criteria that is, the amount of the additional energy required to achieve the required task from the solar system by means of auxiliary heating system. In where both the outlet temperature and mass flow rate play crucial role in the heat exchange between the fluid in the collector loop and the fluid in the load loop.
Highlights
It is believed that renewable energies can substitute the conventional power plants based on fossil-fuel-fired and put an end to the global warming, as it became confirmed the role of carbon dioxide gas emitted from the chimneys of power plants in global warming and climate change [1,2], in additional many emissions that affect human health and the environment [3,4]
The residential sector occupies the largest share of the country's electrical consumption about 33% of total consumption (Fig.1), and of domestic consumption goes to water heating in the first place (32%) (Fig.2) [5]
Solar heating system based on a liquid type flat-plate solar collector for hot-water supply and/or space heating
Summary
It is believed that renewable energies can substitute the conventional power plants based on fossil-fuel-fired and put an end to the global warming, as it became confirmed the role of carbon dioxide gas emitted from the chimneys of power plants in global warming and climate change [1,2], in additional many emissions that affect human health and the environment [3,4]. As a result of the electricity crisis that Palestinian cities suffer from, especially the Gaza Strip (Fig.1), where the hours of power cuts reach 18/24 hours, which prompted the government to increase in support for the use of solar collectors instead of electrical water heaters [6]. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2021, 12(03), 061–071 The search for new alternatives to produce pollution-free energy is nowadays included in government planning worldwide. Solar energy, in this context, can be considered as a true competitive alternative for the near future.
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