Abstract
Abstract During the War of Resistance against Japan (1937-1945) the Chinese government publicized heroic pilots to win domestic and international support for the war effort and to raise money. These pilots also helped create a gendered image of China that was used by both state and non-state actors. The male pilot and martyr Yan Haiwen (1916-37) was part of a masculine discourse of sacrifice aimed at domestic audiences. The female pilot Lee Ya-Ching (1912-98) presented a modern, technologized Chinese femininity which assisted in the Chinese war effort by appealing to white audiences, but was also used by Overseas Chinese communities for their own purposes.
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