Abstract
Titanium alloys have been considered as unique materials for many years. Even their microstructure and operational properties have been well known and described in details, the new technologies introduced—e.g., 3D printing—have restored the need for further research in this area. It is understood that martensitic transformation is usually applied in heat treatment of hardenable alloys (e.g., Fe alloys), but in the case of titanium alloys, it also occurs during the thermomechanical processing or advanced additive manufacturing. The paper summarizes previous knowledge on martensite formation and decomposition processes in two-phase titanium alloys. It emphasizes their important role in microstructure development during conventional and modern industrial processing.
Highlights
Titanium alloys, due to their unique properties, are used by various industry branches for a wide spectrum of applications, from transportation to medicine
Microstructure, thereby mechanical properties, of titanium alloys are usually developed in combined plastic working and heat treatment processes—called thermomechanical processing (TMP) [2,3]
They claimed that post-additive manufacturing (AM) heat treatment, in general, was not needed for EBM-produced parts, but it was necessary for SLM-produced Ti-6Al-4V alloy for improving ductility and reducing anisotropy in mechanical properties
Summary
Due to their unique properties, are used by various industry branches for a wide spectrum of applications, from transportation (mainly in the aerospace industry) to medicine. Yang et al [17] analyzed such process in the SLM technique, where the metal powder layer is first heated and melted rapidly by the focused laser beam They indicated that during SLM, the Ti-6Al-4V is subjected to a high temperature gradient (106 K/m) as well as rapid solidification and cooling rates (can reach 108 K/s). A two-phase α + α microstructure was developed by EBM process and a desirable increase in both strength and ductility was found [24] This shows the research potential in this area. The effect of martensite α content in microstructure of two-phase α + β titanium alloys, processed by conventional (TMP) or modern (AM) methods, on the final mechanical properties is analyzed.
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