Abstract
Understanding the impacts of increased adiposity on postural control and cognitive deficits in adults is critical for health practitioners in recommending or prescribing effective weight loss regimens. Despite prior work in this area, the knowledge of increased adiposity impacts on postural control and cognitive deficits in older adults (OAs) is still limited.The purposes of the current study were: (a) to assess the relationship between postural measures and adiposity measures by using regression model analyses and, (b) to examine the impacts of increased adiposity and age on cognitive performance.A total of thirty (30) individuals aged 60+ years participated in the study. Participants were classified into three groups based upon their BMI scores at the onset of the study. The normal weight (NW) (BMI: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), the overweight (OW) (BMI: 25–29.9 kg/m2), and the obese (OB) groups (BMI: 30−40 kg/m2) each had five females and five males. Participants were required to perform two test sessions: (1) anthropometry assessment and body composition scanning; and (2) evaluation of plantar tactile function, postural control, and cognitive function.Overall, our findings indicate that increased adiposity in OAs is associated with declines in both cognitive function and postural control.Our data also indicate that measures such as BMI and abdominal fat mass amounts/ratios offer the best insight to the impact of adiposity on cognitive function and postural control measures. However, further work is still needed to clarify the mechanistic links between adiposity and cognitive-postural deficits.
Highlights
Foot and ankle problems during gait are regularly assessed with 3dimensional (3D) marker-based gait analyses
The nine sensitivity values for each marker of Oxford Foot Model (OFM) and Rizzoli Foot Model (RFM) and the corresponding effect of foot size on these values are shown in Table 2 and 3
69% of the sensitivity values were ≤ 0.2◦/mm, indicating that the segment orientation changed < 0.2◦ when a marker was mis placed one mm
Summary
Foot and ankle problems during gait are regularly assessed with 3dimensional (3D) marker-based gait analyses. In multi-segment foot models, the repeatability between days or testers is primarily subject to variability of marker placement (Carson et al, 2001). This variability is reported to be around 5 mm, with outliers up to 13 mm between testers (Bishop et al, 2013; Deschamps et al, 2014). The repeatability of OFM and RFM kinematics has been assessed frequently in both healthy and pathological pop ulations (Caravaggi et al, 2011; Deschamps et al, 2012; Di Marco et al, 2016; Mahaffey et al, 2013; McCahill et al, 2018; Stebbins et al, 2006)
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