Abstract
Marine biomass is a treasure trove of materials. Marine polysaccharides have the characteristics of biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, low cost, and abundance. An enormous variety of polysaccharides can be extracted from marine organisms such as algae, crustaceans, and microorganisms. The most studied marine polysaccharides include chitin, chitosan, alginates, hyaluronic acid, fucoidan, carrageenan, agarose, and Ulva. Marine polysaccharides have a wide range of applications in the field of biomedical materials, such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound dressings, and sensors. The drug delivery system (DDS) can comprehensively control the distribution of drugs in the organism in space, time, and dosage, thereby increasing the utilization efficiency of drugs, reducing costs, and reducing toxic side effects. The nano-drug delivery system (NDDS), due to its small size, can function at the subcellular level in vivo. The marine polysaccharide-based DDS combines the advantages of polysaccharide materials and nanotechnology, and is suitable as a carrier for different pharmaceutical preparations. This review summarizes the advantages and drawbacks of using marine polysaccharides to construct the NDDS and describes the preparation methods and modification strategies of marine polysaccharide-based nanocarriers.
Highlights
RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel and Because the human body has a complex physiological environment and defense capabilities, whether it is administered by oral, intramuscular, or intravenous injection, the utilization of drugs has been severely weakened [1]
Drug molecules can be encapsulated in the internal cavities of micelles formed by polysaccharide-based amphiphilic polymers through hydrophobic interaction [25]
Drug molecules can be grafted onto polysaccharides through the reaction with tion with the active groups on the polysaccharides
Summary
RuAngelie Edrada-Ebel and Because the human body has a complex physiological environment and defense capabilities, whether it is administered by oral, intramuscular, or intravenous injection, the utilization of drugs has been severely weakened [1]. Have absolute advantages in terms of biodiversity and simple preparation process Marine polysaccharides and their derivatives are excellent substrates for the construction of DDSs. Some marine polysaccharides have biological activities, such as anti-tumor, antiviral, anti-cardiovascular disease, and immune regulatory effects [17,18]. There are a large number of active functional groups on the backbone of marine polysaccharides, such as hydroxyl, amino, and carboxylic acid groups. Marine polysaccharides can be chemically modified through these active sites to expand their application fields [21]. Drug molecules can be encapsulated in the internal cavities of micelles formed by polysaccharide-based amphiphilic polymers through hydrophobic interaction [25]. The construction of the marine polysaccharide-based DDS can make DDSs possess the various advantages of nanoscale systems while possessing the properties of polysaccharides. We look forward to the future applications of marine polysaccharides, and hope that this review will inspire the research and development of marine polysaccharide products
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