Abstract
Wound dressings have become a crucial treatment for wound healing due to their convenience, low cost, and prolonged wound management. As cutting-edge biomaterials, marine polysaccharides are divided from most marine organisms. It possesses various bioactivities, which allowing them to be processed into various forms of wound dressings. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the application of marine polysaccharides in wound dressings is particularly important for the studies of wound therapy. In this review, we first introduce the wound healing process and describe the characteristics of modern commonly used dressings. Then, the properties of various marine polysaccharides and their application in wound dressing development are outlined. Finally, strategies for developing and enhancing marine polysaccharide wound dressings are described, and an outlook of these dressings is given. The diverse bioactivities of marine polysaccharides including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, haemostatic properties, etc., providing excellent wound management and accelerate wound healing. Meanwhile, these biomaterials have higher biocompatibility and biodegradability compared to synthetic ones. On the other hand, marine polysaccharides can be combined with copolymers and active substances to prepare various forms of dressings. Among them, emerging types of dressings such as nanofibers, smart hydrogels and injectable hydrogels are at the research frontier of their development. Therefore, marine polysaccharides are essential materials in wound dressings fabrication and have a promising future.
Highlights
SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, NO
Chitosan and alginate are two of the most important marine polysaccharides widely used in wound dressings
In order to improve the effectiveness of wound therapy, various enhancement strategies have been used to develop these dressings with enhanced antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, pro-regenerative, scar-free activities
Summary
Skin, being the largest organ of the human body, is the first immune barrier against external damage and invasion [1]. Conventional dressings (e.g., gauze, bandages) could cover and protect the wound while failing to maintain a moist environment at the wound site They have no direct effect on the wound with poor biocompatibility and may cause secondary injury when replaced or removed. Natural polymers (e.g., polysaccharides, proteins) with good biocompatibility, biodegradability and similarity to the extracellular matrix (ECM) are widely advanced in wound dressings [29,30]. Polysaccharide-based materials are widely used in wound dressings because they are non-toxic and biodegradable with colossal storage and good biocompatibility. With the advancement of biotechnology, the yield of MPs has increased dramatically, and the cost of extraction has decreased [36,37] They are widely used to produce pure or complex polysaccharide-based biological preparations, such as hydrogels, membranes, and sponges. We discuss the research hotspots, intrinsic links, and development trends of MPs in wound dressings, and put forward the outlook for future research
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