Abstract
Abstract The marine environment is considered a very rich source of extremely potent bioactive compounds. Brazil is the largest country in South America, with more than 8500 km of shoreline along the Atlantic Ocean, comprising a vast marine biodiversity. The studies on the chemistry of marine organisms in Brazil started in the beginning of the 1960s, but at that time the purpose for investigating the chemistry of marine organism was only that of a “phytochemistry” nature. It was only in the last decade that the effective collaboration between chemists and pharmacologists took place, and today, the studies on marine natural products in Brazil have focused two major points: the biomedical potential applications and the ecological role of the isolated substances. The aim of this chapter is to present the anticancer potential of Brazilian marine organisms. This potential will be discussed upon the great biodiversity observed in Brazilian coast and the studies performed by Brazilian groups on marine pharmacology. Screening programs with this purpose started just a few years ago, but some very promising results were obtained so far.
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