Marine Indole Alkaloids-Isolation, Structure and Bioactivities.

Yong Hu,Siling Chen,Shuai Dong,Fang Yang

doi:10.3390/md19120658

Abstract

Indole alkaloids are heterocyclic natural products with extensive pharmacological activities. As an important source of lead compounds, many clinical drugs have been derived from natural indole compounds. Marine indole alkaloids, from unique marine environments with high pressure, high salt and low temperature, exhibit structural diversity with various bioactivities, which attracts the attention of drug researchers. This article is a continuation of the previous two comprehensive reviews and covers the literature on marine indole alkaloids published from 2015 to 2021, with 472 new or structure-revised compounds categorized by sources into marine microorganisms, invertebrates, and plant-derived. The structures and bioactivities demonstrated in this article will benefit the synthesis and pharmacological activity study for marine indole alkaloids on their way to clinical drugs.

Highlights

Marine natural products have incomparable skeleton diversity and novelty relative to terrestrial source ones
This review focuses on marine indole alkaloids discovered since 2015, when the last comprehensive review, covering the time from 2003 to 2015, was reported by Netz and Opatz [13]
The sources and bioactivities of all the reviewed marine indole alkaloids are summarized in Tables S2 and S3

Summary

Introduction

Marine natural products have incomparable skeleton diversity and novelty relative to terrestrial source ones. They often exhibit superexcellent physiological activities and occupy an important position in today’s pharmaceutical industry as a continuously rich source of potential drugs [1,2,3,4,5]. The sources and bioactivities of all the reviewed marine indole alkaloids are summarized in Tables S2 and S3. The structures of these marine indole alkaloids were elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques. If classified by the source of bacterial species, most of the indole alkaloids are found from actinomycetes

Sediment-Sourced Bacteria

H N COOMe

Miscellaneous

Mangrove-Sourced Fungi

Findings

Cnidarians