Abstract
The present review considers the physicochemical and biological properties of polysaccharides (PS) from brown, red, and green algae (alginates, fucoidans, carrageenans, and ulvans) used in the latest technologies of regenerative medicine (tissue engineering, modulation of the drug delivery system, and the design of wound dressing materials). Information on various types of modern biodegradable and biocompatible PS-based wound dressings (membranes, foams, hydrogels, nanofibers, and sponges) is provided; the results of experimental and clinical trials of some dressing materials in the treatment of wounds of various origins are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the ability of PS to form hydrogels, as hydrogel dressings meet the basic requirements set out for a perfect wound dressing. The current trends in the development of new-generation PS-based materials for designing drug delivery systems and various tissue-engineering scaffolds, which makes it possible to create human-specific tissues and develop target-oriented and personalized regenerative medicine products, are also discussed.
Highlights
In recent years, algae polysaccharides (PS) have attracted increasing attention due to their unique structure resembling the human extracellular matrix, a wide spectrum of biological activities, high biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, renewability, significant moisture-retaining and swelling ability, and colloidal properties
The best studied and promising compounds to be used in these technologies are sulfated PS from various algae species
As evidenced by the publications considered in the present review, the PS of brown, red, and green algae are very promising biomaterials to be used in regenerative medicine and tissue-engineering technologies
Summary
Algae polysaccharides (PS) have attracted increasing attention due to their unique structure resembling the human extracellular matrix, a wide spectrum of biological activities, high biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, renewability, significant moisture-retaining and swelling ability, and colloidal properties. Novel and unique new-generation PS-based materials for modulating drug delivery systems (DDS), implantable medical devices, as well as organ and tissue transplants, are created using the latest advances in modern polymer-production technologies. Tissue engineering is aimed at creating viable biological structures with the desirable spatial arrangement using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting based on biocompatible materials (combinations of various biopolymers and synthetic polymers), which can include living cells. The final product of 3D bioprinting is implanted in the body, where it is completely dissolved and replaced by host tissues within a few months This technology allows the progressive development of such fields of medicine as reconstructive and transplant surgery, implantable medical devices, and controlled drug delivery [1,2,3,4]. The best studied and promising compounds to be used in these technologies are sulfated PS from various algae species (alginates and fucoidans from brown algae, carrageenans from red algae, and ulvans from green algae)
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