Abstract

Castellano: En este artículo se estudia la trayectoria profesional de la bibliotecaria María Moliner, incidiendo en el período republicano, donde realizó su trabajo más original y fructífero desde el Patronato de Misiones Pedagógicas en Valencia, culminando con la elaboración del Plan de organización general de Bibliotecas del Estado en 1938, aunque nunca pudo ponerse en práctica por la retrógrada política del franquismo. El  período republicano supuso un punto de inflexión en la valoración social del libro y la lectura porque se pasó de la lectura popular a la lectura pública. Esta transformación se plasmó en la política bibliotecaria del régimen democrático, en las estrategias editoriales y en la actitud del público hacia estas iniciativas. La socialización del libro y la lectura se abordó desde distintos ámbitos: por un lado las políticas estatales, a través de las bibliotecas escolares y municipales, destinadas fundamentalmente al medio agrario. Asimismo María Moliner durante la guerra civil alcanzó las máximas responsabilidades en materia bibliotecaria. Por esta actuación fue represaliada por la dictadura y consagró sus energías hacia la redacción del magno Diccionario del uso del español. English: This article looks at Maria Moliner's career as a librarian, with particular attention to the Republican period, when she did her most original and fruitful work at the Patronato de Misiones Pedagógicas in Valencia. This period culminated in her drawing up the General Organization of National Libraries Plan in 1938, although it was never put into practice owing to the Franco régime's retrograde library policy. The Republican period was a turning point in the value that society placed on books and reading, as popular reading became public reading. This transformation acquired a definite form in the Republican government's library policy, in the publishing houses' strategies, and in the attitude of the general public towards these initiatives. The socialization of books and reading was approached from a number of directions: public policy, through school and council libraries, mainly targeted at the rural world. During the Civil War, María Moliner was entrusted with top-level responsibilities in library matters. As a result, she suffered reprisals at the hands of the dictatorship and devoted her energies to the great dictionary for which she is best known, the Diccionario de uso del español.

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