Abstract
IntroductionRetinal pathologies causing irreversible visual loss are very common in India especially in advance age. Increased understanding of the age related structural and functional changes in retina can immensely help in better diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. MethodsTwenty five human retinal tissues from 21 years to 99 years of age were studied histologically and changes seen with H&E staining, in each retinal layer, are described. Special stains and specific immune labelled antibodies were used to understand the changes better. ResultsRetinal pigment epithelium showed, gradual reduction in cell size, melanin granules and increase in lipofuscin content & increase in bruch's membrane hyalinization with age. As age advanced there was reduction in the ratio of the rods and cones, thickness of the outer plexiform layer, ganglion cell count and thickness of the nerve fibre layer. The thicknesses of all the retinal layers and the ganglion cell count have been documented decade wise. ConclusionsThis detailed description may aid in improved management of diseases that are characterized by abnormal or premature aging as well as in understanding the age related retinal disorders. This data will also improve the interpretations of images of retinal micro anatomy obtained in patients by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), routinely used by ophthalmologists.
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