Triple Anterior Horn Insertion of the Medial Meniscus Combined with Posterior Horn Hypertrophy: A Rare Case and Brief Literature Review

Abstract

Anomalies of the medial meniscus (MM) are uncommon. The most frequently occurring anomaly is found in the anterior horn. This report describes for the first time a case of abnormal multiple insertions of the anterior horn of the MM (AHMM) combined with posterior horn hypertrophy, which was found incidentally during routine dissection of a separate left lower limb from an adult cadaver. The AHMM was found to have a standard attachment to the anterior surface of the tibia in addition to two additional bands. One of these bands was the anteromedial meniscofemoral ligament, which ran parallel and independent of the anterior cruciate ligament and ended at the intercondylar notch of the femur. The other band extended as the transverse ligament that connected the AHMM to the lateral meniscus. The posterior horn of MM was found to be hypertrophied. The clinical implications of these anomalies are discussed below along with a relevant literature review.