Abstract
The Copper Basin (CB) of southeastern Tennessee, known as the Ducktown Mining District, is a classic example of forest and soil destruction due to extensive mining and smelting operations from the mid-1800s until 1987. The smelting operation released a sulfur dioxide by-product that formed sulfuric acid precipitation which, in combination with heavy logging, led to the complete denudation of all vegetation covering 130 km2 in CB. The area has since been successfully revegetated. This study used remote sensing technology to map the different episodes of this vegetation recovery process. A time series of Landsat imagery acquired from 1977 through 2017 at 10-year intervals was used to map and analyze the changes in vegetation cover in CB. These maps were used to generate a single thematic map indicating in which 10-year period each parcel of land was revegetated. Analysis shows that the extent of non-vegetated areas continuously decreased from about 38.5 to 2.5 km2 between 1977 and 2017. The greatest increase in vegetation regrowth occurred between 1987 and 1997, which was the period when all mining and smelting activities ceased. This research could be very useful to better understand the recovery process of areas affected by mining and smelting processes.
Highlights
The Copper Basin (CB) of southeastern Tennessee, known as the Ducktown Mining District, is a classic example of forest and soil destruction [1]
This study investigated the potential use of remote sensing technology to map the growth of vegetation involved in the restoration and recovery process of this superfund site, which was damaged by historic mining and smelting operations
This study aimed to explore the potential of remote sensing technology to map the growth of vegetation involved in the restoration and recovery process of the Copper Basin, Tennessee
Summary
The Copper Basin (CB) of southeastern Tennessee, known as the Ducktown Mining District, is a classic example of forest and soil destruction [1]. The basin, located in the highly metamorphic. Appalachian Mountains of southeastern Tennessee, contains the towns of Copperhill and Ducktown. From the mid-1800s until 1987, Copperhill and Ducktown were the locations of extensive mining operations and eventually smelting to refine mined ore [1,2,3,4]. A sulfur dioxide by-product of smelting formed sulfuric acid precipitation that, in combination with heavy logging for fuel, led to an area of more than 130 km being completely without vegetation by the year 1876 [5]. The area was an expanse of red dirt that lay gullied and bare because of copper and sulfur mining operations [1,6,7,8].
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