Mapping the metabolic signatures of fermentation broth, mycelium, fruiting body and spores powder from Ganoderma lucidum by untargeted metabolomics

Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum(G. lucidum) is a popular medicinal mushroom widely used in China. Fermentation broth, mycelium, fruiting body and spores powder of G. lucidum were separately used in the market. However, there is no holistic insight to elucidate the molecular basis of the differentiated usage. To address this hiatus, metabolic signatures of fermentation broth, mycelium, fruiting body and spores powder were obtained by untargeted mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics approach. 9559 metabolites including polysaccharide, nucleosides, peptides, triterpenoids and alkaloids were identified. In particular, 48, 25, 364 and 28 components were peculiar to fermentation broth, mycelium, fruiting body and spores powder respectively. Most of the triterpenoids were detected predominantly in fruiting body. 15 and 9 kinds of polysaccharide, were up regulated infermentation broth and mycelium respectively. Six kinds of alkaloids were up regulated in spores powder. Furthermore, the metabolite-related models and enriched KEGG pathways of different parts of G. lucidum have been established. This study offers novelinsights into tissue-specific specialized metabolism in G. lucidum, providing a molecular basis for the unique use of different parts of G. lucidum.