Mapping the Human Brain in Frequency Band Analysis of Brain Cortex Electroencephalographic Activity for Selected Psychiatric Disorders.

Grzegorz M Wojcik,Anna Gajos-Balinska,Jolanta Masiak,Piotr Schneider,Nikodem Polak,Lukasz Kwasniewicz,Andrzej Kawiak

doi:10.3389/fninf.2018.00073

Abstract

There are still no good quantitative methods to be applied in psychiatric diagnosis. The interview is still the main and most important tool in the psychiatrist work. This paper presents the results of electroencephalographic research with the subjects of a group of 30 patients with psychiatric disorders compared to the control group of healthy volunteers. All subjects were solving working memory task. The digit-span working memory task test was chosen as one of the most popular tasks given to subjects with cognitive dysfunctions, especially for the patients with panic disorders, depression (including the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), phobias, and schizophrenia. Having such cohort of patients some results for the subjects with insomnia and Asperger syndrome are also presented. The cortical activity of their brains was registered by the dense array EEG amplifier. Source localization using the photogrammetry station and the sLORETA algorithm was then performed in five EEG frequency bands. The most active Brodmann Areas are indicated. Methodology for mapping the brain and research protocol are presented. The first results indicate that the presented technique can be useful in finding psychiatric disorder neurophysiological biomarkers. The first attempts were made to associate hyperactivity of selected Brodmann Areas with particular disorders.

Highlights

Dense array electroencephalographic amplifiers can be considered as a reasonable alternative for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) thanks to their better temporal resolution (Tohka and Ruotsalainen, 2012) and application of algorithms like standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (Pascual-Marqui et al, 1994; Pascual-Marqui, 2002) that allow to compute and visualize brain cortex activity in resolution similar to that obtained from computer tomography with temporal precision enabling observation of cortical responses
There has been a rapid advance in therapeutic use of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) in which the acquisition of electrical activity of selected areas of brain cortex plays the main role (Mikołajewska and Mikołajewski, 2012, 2013, 2014; Teruel et al, 2017) and EventRelated Potentials (ERP) and other evoked potentials can lead to explanation of psychological behaviors in particular situations (Kotyra and Wojcik, 2017a,b) and to finding some biomarkers characteristic of psychiatric disorders (Chapman and Bragdon, 1964; Sutton et al, 1965; Campanella, 2013; Golonka et al, 2017)
There was used the Geodesic Photogrammetry System (GPS) which owing to 11 cameras put in its corners makes a model of subject brain based on its calculated size, proportion and shape and puts all computed activity results on this model with very good accuracy

Summary

Introduction

Mapping Human Brain in Frequency appearing right after given stimuli. Such techniques of imaging are widely used in laboratories of experimental psychology and more and more often for research in neuroscience. Together with the development of neurocomputing, neuroinformatics and artificial intelligence a lot of new tools and possibilities appeared and made their use possible for a wide range of classification tasks in biomedical engineering (Ogiela et al, 2008; Szaleniec et al, 2008, 2013) or brain functions simulations which are a subject of our investigations (Wazny and Wojcik, 2014; Wojcik and Wazny, 2015). The computational approach can explain some behavior characteristic of complex systems (Wojcik et al, 2007; Wojcik and Kaminski, 2008; Wojcik and Garcia-Lazaro, 2010) or even investigate the influence of electrophysiological parameters of single cells on the dynamics of the whole simulated system (Wojcik and Kaminski, 2007; Wojcik, 2012) but it still cannot explain such complicated phenomena like psychiatric disorders or mechanisms responsible for variety of syndromes (e.g., burn-out; Chow et al, 2018)

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Conclusion