Abstract
Raising concerns about the effectiveness of the energy poverty policy actions in Poland, such as Clean Air and Stop Smog, brings forward the need to apply different strategies to identify the energy poor. More than 13.7% of Polish households were energy poor in 2018 according to the ability-to-keep-home-warm indicator. This study proposes enhancing the model-based approach to measure households’ energy poverty. Our goal is to assess regional vulnerability to energy poverty in Poland. The study relies on three national datasets and is conducted in two steps. The Energy Consumption Survey (2018) and the Household Budget Survey (2018) provide data for modeling household’s energy poverty in the first step. The Local Data Bank (2019) gives information on the potential factors increasing regional vulnerability to energy poverty evaluated in the second step. We apply multiple linear regression to identify energy-poor households and principal components analysis to examine the regions’ vulnerability factors. As a result, we produce several maps showing the spatial distribution of vulnerability to energy poverty in 380 Polish districts. Our results indicate that some northern, southern and eastern districts in Poland are primary targets of energy poverty policy actions.
Highlights
The Energy Policy strategy of Poland that will remain in place until 2040 [1] discusses the approach to improve the economy’s energy efficiency and to respond to energy poverty and low-stack emissions problems
The first research question we answer is, what districts are the most vulnerable to energy poverty? Second, we examine in detail the components of regional vulnerability in 380 Polish districts based on seven factors, i.e., respiratory diseases, single-family houses, average salaries, the population in the post-productive age, social benefit recipients, population density, and rent arrears
This study aims to explore the regional vulnerability of Polish districts to households’
Summary
The Energy Policy strategy of Poland that will remain in place until 2040 [1] discusses the approach to improve the economy’s energy efficiency and to respond to energy poverty and low-stack emissions problems. The recently adopted Stop Smog program [2] further states that the energy poor are the main target of low-carbon projects, co-financed by the state and implemented locally. This program supports the already-implemented policy actions regarding house renovations [3]. Policies can target specific groups of people due to their socioeconomic profile (e.g., low-income, elderly), though energy poverty has significant spatial manifestations. The smog that causes premature deaths is a local problem; when prioritizing energy poverty and mitigation measures, it is important to consider spatial targeting
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