Mapping, Organizing, and Visualizing Interdependent Events (MOVIE): A rigorous analytic framework and cost-free software application designed to model temporal and dynamic complex realist structures in social research settings

In order for robots to work alongside humans in a range of domains, they will need to operate with a variety of social dynamics that each context will require. This paper builds on previous work with a parameterized turn-taking model, CADENCE, in which different parameter settings resulted in different social dynamics. In contrast to the static parameter settings of previous work, we now investigate the problem of changing these turn-taking parameter sets dynamically within a single interaction session. This ability is necessary for successful peer-to-peer collaborations, in which balance of control between leading and following must be maintained. We present our dynamic switching approach and an experiment with 15 participants. Our results confirm that it is possible to achieve the same changes in social dynamics within a single interaction session that were previously seen only between independent sessions of different parameter settings. Moreover, we show that such a change in social dynamics is contingent upon changing parameters at socially appropriate turn boundaries.

Urbanisation as an important driver of nocturnal primate sociality.

The contemporary process of peacebuilding is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. It is evident that the transformation of relations between communities is possible through creative ways of building dialogues and channels for conveying new meanings; therefore, art plays a crucial role in such international interactions. The article consistently reveals the features of the modern understanding of peacebuilding and presents a comparative analysis of different approaches to conflict transformation. The authors share the UN's position on the priority of culture as a component of sustainable development and an important tool for promoting peace processes, with a focus on the role of art in rethinking armed conflict. The article analyzes the differences in the mechanisms of influence of art and activism on the conflict environment and pays attention to the prospects for using activist art in conflict settlement at the stage of peacekeeping, peacemaking, and peacebuilding. The study concluded that artivism is likely to have a positive effect during the peacebuilding and reconciliation stage. The authors attempted to outline the main areas of refugee artivism’s involvement in peacebuilding processes, as well as to determine its potential for conflict resolution and reconciliation. The study describes the modern trend of involving a wide range of stakeholders in peacebuilding processes on a bottom-up basis; therefore, refugee artivism is characterized as one of the variations of the symbiosis of art and hybrid peacebuilding. Artivism is seen as a multi-layered phenomenon and a complex tool for influencing contemporary international conflicts, using creative practices to de-escalate tensions, restore dialogue, and participate in peace processes, mobilizing emotions and collective participation. The article assesses existing initiatives to support refugee artists, at-risk and displaced artists in terms of the level of coordinated response to their problems. It explores the role of refugee artists in host societies, highlights the impact of refugee artivism on conflict resolution, and describes its specific functions, illustrated by relevant case studies. The complexity of the conditions for implementing artivism in general and refugee artivism in particular is emphasized, however, the authors pay particular attention to the fact that artivism acts as a universal tool for positive change in social dynamics in societies that host refugees, as well as a catalyst for transformational processes during and after armed conflict. The conclusion is made about the significant potential of artivism. It draws attention to problems, influences public interaction and public space, creates alternative platforms for dialogue, forms shared narratives, reducing social polarization and creating conditions for gradual reconciliation.

<p><strong>Exploring alcohol abstinence</strong></p>

This study investigates the system of social stratification and intracultural communication in the Kei people of Southeast Maluku, Indonesia, which is based on centuries-old caste traditions. Kei society is divided into three main classes: mel-mel (nobles), ren-ren (middle class), and iri-ri (lower class), each of which has roles and rights governed by local customary law, Larwul Ngabal. This caste system has created a recognized social balance despite certain dominance and hegemony. This research uses an ethnographic approach with a focus on direct observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis to explore how stereotypes and social stratification are maintained through intracultural communication. The findings show that Kei people use language and cultural symbols to reinforce their caste position, while modernization and electoral politics open space for changes in social dynamics. The results of this study provide insights into how local communities adapt to modernization and democratization while maintaining traditional cultural structures. The implications of this study underscore the importance of understanding the dynamics of intracultural communication in the context of social stratification to maintain social order and promote inclusiveness in the social development of Kei society.

Understanding the purposes, processes and outcomes of learning in and through work – workplace learning – necessitates positioning individuals centrally in those deliberations. The purposes of engaging in learning in, through and for work are central to individuals developing the capacity to participate in adult and working life, to form a specific occupational identity, to have bases to realise and maintain economic independence through ongoing employment and to sustain that ability across working life. This includes advancements within an occupation field and as a means to transfer to other occupations as interests and economic circumstances change. The process of that learning is shaped by experiences afforded by social settings such as workplaces and educational institutions, but ultimately mediated by individuals. It is the construction of personal domains of occupational knowledge, including understanding variations in requirements and capacities to adapt what individuals know, can do and value that is central to occupational performance. These domains of knowledge are not some version of a textbook or uniformly constructed. Instead, they are developed in personally-specific ways that arise from the particular sets of experiences which individuals are afforded and how they construe, construct and reconcile those experiences based on the previous experiences and development. Hence, beyond what is afforded by social institutions (e.g. workplaces), ultimately, it is individuals that generate the purposes, enact the processes and realise the outcomes of learning in through and for work (i.e. workplace learning). In advancing a case for individuals as meaning makers, knowledge producers and innovators is not to position these purposes, processes and outcomes as being abstracted from the social and cultural world. On the contrary, the purposes are embedded in the social world, processes are inherently interdependent with what is experience socially and culturally, and the outcomes represent a version of what is suggested, required and enacted in the social world. It is these concepts that are advanced in this chapter to elaborate the role of the individual in what is referred to as workplace learning.KeywordsSocietal developmentIndividualPersonalInterdependenceProcesses and outcomes

Behavioral and endocrine responses to season and social dynamics of captive male southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons)

The public pleasure walks in historic urban landscapes, often in form of ceremonial avenues, have had many examples in historic cities throughout the world. Some of the most famous examples of these pleasure avenues have survived in the cities of the Middle East and Central Asia, and have been studied extensively. However, the studies often focus on the corporeal characteristics of these avenues. Notwithstanding the value of such morphological inquiries, they often neglect the properties related to the social dynamics and their impact on the cultural character and mode of survival in these urban features. Therefore, it seems only logical to both deepen and broaden the enquiries to examine the social aspects of historic examples in this region. In hope of revealing the attributes that maintained the cultural character of these urban elements, this article concentrates on social dynamics and spatiotemporal sensitivity of their context. Accordingly, the study proceeds by reviewing the behaviour episodes, modes of interaction, and patterns of visibility for the elite as well as ordinary citizens. The main data is collected from historic documents. The results of the analysis on the historic records and narratives reveals how the changes in social dynamics may alter the use and effect the survival of pleasure walks. Because of the abundance of documents on Chahar-bagh of Isfahan, the study does not focus on this example. Instead, drawing on the successful attributes of Safavid examples, the inquiry tries to find historic predecessors in a Timurid urban heritage in Delhi, India and proceeds to search for the lasting properties in the Qajar examples in Tehran. The chapter suggests that the persistence of this configuration in historic examples may have been the result of specific attributes including but not limited to the planned visibility of a sovereign presence, the deliberate creation of a socially picturesque setting, the aura of eventfulness, etc. It then proceeds to pose the important question that among the many attributes of these urban elements, which ones may be relevant today; which ones are possible to maintain or revive; and most importantly, which ones are considered the ‘cultural anchors’ and are indispensable in conservation of what was once considered an elongated Persian garden; an extension of paradise.

The transformations of modernity have caused profound changes in social dynamics, influencing behaviors, interactions, and collective structures. Advances in technology, globalization, and new forms of communication impact interpersonal relationships and the way societies organize themselves. The digitization of social life, increased connectivity, and the speed of information create new challenges for identity, privacy, and social cohesion. Additionally, social inequalities are intensified by a dynamic job market, automation, and the constant need for adaptation. Hyperconnectivity also generates psychological effects, such as anxiety, digital dependency, and the need for social validation. Political polarization and the spread of misinformation have become more frequent phenomena, making consensus-building difficult and strengthening social fragmentation. Cities and public spaces undergo redefinitions influenced by the digitization of services and the reconfiguration of urban coexistence. Contemporary culture transforms in the face of rapidly shifting trends and the ephemerality of experiences. Given this scenario, understanding the implications of these changes is essential for formulating strategies that promote balance between innovation and collective well-being. Thus, a critical analysis of new social dynamics is crucial for addressing emerging challenges and creating sustainable solutions for the future of human coexistence.

Conflict is a persistent feature of primate societies. Although sociability has valuable benefits, such as protection against predators or access to resources, maintaining peaceful relationships with other group members can be costly for individuals. Conflict episodes within a social group promote physical contact and changes in social dynamics. All social animals engage in episodes of conflict and aggression for dominance, control of resources, food, sexual partners, or territories. To restore social balance, primates display appeasement gestures that may repair relationships after fights. One way to restore harmony after is through sexual behavior. Non-conceptive sexual behaviors have been described in most primate species. These are explained by its communicative or sociosexual functions, which include tension regulation, dominance signaling, ties strengthening, and reconciliation among others. In this study, we systematically reviewed literature on primate conflict and resolution to determine how frequently sexual behavior has appeasing function. Results showed that closely related species like bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (P. troglodytes) routinely use sexual behavior for conflict resolution. However, it is still necessary to investigate reconciliatory sexual behavior in other primate species.

Lists and Social MediaLists have long been an ordering mechanism for computer-mediated social interaction. While far from being the first such mechanism, blogrolls offered an opportunity for bloggers to provide a list of their peers; the present generation of social media environments similarly provide lists of friends and followers. Where blogrolls and other earlier lists may have been user-generated, the social media lists of today are more likely to have been produced by the platforms themselves, and are of intrinsic value to the platform providers at least as much as to the users themselves; both Facebook and Twitter have highlighted the importance of their respective “social graphs” (their databases of user connections) as fundamental elements of their fledgling business models. This represents what Mejias describes as “nodocentrism,” which “renders all human interaction in terms of network dynamics (not just any network, but a digital network with a profit-driven infrastructure).”The communicative content of social media spaces is also frequently rendered in the form of lists. Famously, blogs are defined in the first place by their reverse-chronological listing of posts (Walker Rettberg), but the same is true for current social media platforms: Twitter, Facebook, and other social media platforms are inherently centred around an infinite, constantly updated and extended list of posts made by individual users and their connections.The concept of the list implies a certain degree of order, and the orderliness of content lists as provided through the latest generation of centralised social media platforms has also led to the development of more comprehensive and powerful, commercial as well as scholarly, research approaches to the study of social media. Using the example of Twitter, this article discusses the challenges of such “big data” research as it draws on the content lists provided by proprietary social media platforms.Twitter Archives for ResearchTwitter is a particularly useful source of social media data: using the Twitter API (the Application Programming Interface, which provides structured access to communication data in standardised formats) it is possible, with a little effort and sufficient technical resources, for researchers to gather very large archives of public tweets concerned with a particular topic, theme or event. Essentially, the API delivers very long lists of hundreds, thousands, or millions of tweets, and metadata about those tweets; such data can then be sliced, diced and visualised in a wide range of ways, in order to understand the dynamics of social media communication. Such research is frequently oriented around pre-existing research questions, but is typically conducted at unprecedented scale. The projects of media and communication researchers such as Papacharissi and de Fatima Oliveira, Wood and Baughman, or Lotan, et al.—to name just a handful of recent examples—rely fundamentally on Twitter datasets which now routinely comprise millions of tweets and associated metadata, collected according to a wide range of criteria. What is common to all such cases, however, is the need to make new methodological choices in the processing and analysis of such large datasets on mediated social interaction.Our own work is broadly concerned with understanding the role of social media in the contemporary media ecology, with a focus on the formation and dynamics of interest- and issues-based publics. We have mined and analysed large archives of Twitter data to understand contemporary crisis communication (Bruns et al), the role of social media in elections (Burgess and Bruns), and the nature of contemporary audience engagement with television entertainment and news media (Harrington, Highfield, and Bruns). Using a custom installation of the open source Twitter archiving tool yourTwapperkeeper, we capture and archive all the available tweets (and their associated metadata) containing a specified keyword (like “Olympics” or “dubstep”), name (Gillard, Bieber, Obama) or hashtag (#ausvotes, #royalwedding, #qldfloods). In their simplest form, such Twitter archives are commonly stored as delimited (e.g. comma- or tab-separated) text files, with each of the following values in a separate column: text: contents of the tweet itself, in 140 characters or less to_user_id: numerical ID of the tweet recipient (for @replies) from_user: screen name of the tweet sender id: numerical ID of the tweet itself from_user_id: numerical ID of the tweet sender iso_language_code: code (e.g. en, de, fr, ...) of the sender’s default language source: client software used to tweet (e.g. Web, Tweetdeck, ...) profile_image_url: URL of the tweet sender’s profile picture geo_type: format of the sender’s geographical coordinates geo_coordinates_0: first element of the geographical coordinates geo_coordinates_1: second element of the geographical coordinates created_at: tweet timestamp in human-readable format time: tweet timestamp as a numerical Unix timestampIn order to process the data, we typically run a number of our own scripts (written in the programming language Gawk) which manipulate or filter the records in various ways, and apply a series of temporal, qualitative and categorical metrics to the data, enabling us to discern patterns of activity over time, as well as to identify topics and themes, key actors, and the relations among them; in some circumstances we may also undertake further processes of filtering and close textual analysis of the content of the tweets. Network analysis (of the relationships among actors in a discussion; or among key themes) is undertaken using the open source application Gephi. While a detailed methodological discussion is beyond the scope of this article, further details and examples of our methods and tools for data analysis and visualisation, including copies of our Gawk scripts, are available on our comprehensive project website, Mapping Online Publics.In this article, we reflect on the technical, epistemological and political challenges of such uses of large-scale Twitter archives within media and communication studies research, positioning this work in the context of the phenomenon that Lev Manovich has called “big social data.” In doing so, we recognise that our empirical work on Twitter is concerned with a complex research site that is itself shaped by a complex range of human and non-human actors, within a dynamic, indeed volatile media ecology (Fuller), and using data collection and analysis methods that are in themselves deeply embedded in this ecology. “Big Social Data”As Manovich’s term implies, the Big Data paradigm has recently arrived in media, communication and cultural studies—significantly later than it did in the hard sciences, in more traditionally computational branches of social science, and perhaps even in the first wave of digital humanities research (which largely applied computational methods to pre-existing, historical “big data” corpora)—and this shift has been provoked in large part by the dramatic quantitative growth and apparently increased cultural importance of social media—hence, “big social data.” As Manovich puts it: For the first time, we can follow [the] imaginations, opinions, ideas, and feelings of hundreds of millions of people. We can see the images and the videos they create and comment on, monitor the conversations they are engaged in, read their blog posts and tweets, navigate their maps, listen to their track lists, and follow their trajectories in physical space. (Manovich 461) This moment has arrived in media, communication and cultural studies because of the increased scale of social media participation and the textual traces that this participation leaves behind—allowing researchers, equipped with digital tools and methods, to “study social and cultural processes and dynamics in new ways” (Manovich 461). However, and crucially for our purposes in this article, many of these scholarly possibilities would remain latent if it were not for the widespread availability of Open APIs for social software (including social media) platforms. APIs are technical specifications of how one software application should access another, thereby allowing the embedding or cross-publishing of social content across Websites (so that your tweets can appear in your Facebook timeline, for example), or allowing third-party developers to build additional applications on social media platforms (like the Twitter user ranking service Klout), while also allowing platform owners to impose de facto regulation on such third-party uses via the same code. While platform providers do not necessarily have scholarship in mind, the data access affordances of APIs are also available for research purposes. As Manovich notes, until very recently almost all truly “big data” approaches to social media research had been undertaken by computer scientists (464). But as part of a broader “computational turn” in the digital humanities (Berry), and because of the increased availability to non-specialists of data access and analysis tools, media, communication and cultural studies scholars are beginning to catch up. Many of the new, large-scale research projects examining the societal uses and impacts of social media—including our own—which have been initiated by various media, communication, and cultural studies research leaders around the world have begun their work by taking stock of, and often substantially extending through new development, the range of available tools and methods for data analysis. The research infrastructure developed by such projects, therefore, now reflects their own disciplinary backgrounds at least as much as it does the fundamental principles of computer science. In turn, such new and often experimental tools and methods necessarily also provoke new epistemological and methodological challenges. The Twitter API and Twitter ArchivesThe Open

Having emerged in the 1970s as public awareness of and concern for environmental problems increased, environmental sociology’s main goal is to understand the interconnections between human societies and the natural (or biophysical) environment. Environmental sociology has been described as comprising four major areas of research. First, environmental sociologists study the social causes of environmental problems. Along these lines, scholars have developed an array of theoretical frameworks to explain how various social factors, including demographic, social, cultural, political, economic, and technological dynamics, generate environmental impacts and problems, and they have conducted many empirical studies on a wide range of environmental indicators to assess hypotheses derived from these theories. Second, environmental sociology is concerned with how the natural environment influences and impacts society. Early environmental sociologists strongly emphasized the dependence of human societies on the natural environment and stressed that the field should consider how the environment shapes society in addition to how society impacts the environment. Research in this area tackles issues such as the social consequences of natural disasters and the inequitable distribution of environmental hazards along racial and socioeconomic lines. Third, environmental sociology examines social reactions and responses to environmental threats and problems. Research in this area focuses on understanding patterns and trends in environmental attitudes and behaviors (e.g., recycling) as well as various aspects of the environmental movement. Fourth, environmental sociologists are concerned with understanding social processes and dynamics that could advance environmental reform and sustainability. In general, environmental sociology has tended to focus more on explaining how society causes environmental problems while paying less attention to potential solutions, but a shift has taken place in recent decades. The development, discussion, and empirical assessment of theories of environmental reform, analyses of potential solutions to environmental crises, and drafting of conceptual frameworks for sustainability have become important foci of scholarly activity in environmental sociology. Another major area of research, one that cuts across the preceding four, is the human dimensions of global climate change, which has become one of the main substantive issues studied by environmental sociologists. In this article, important scholarly works in each of these five areas are highlighted and briefly discussed, along with a selection of the most relevant textbooks, handbooks and collections, encyclopedia and review articles that provide general overviews of the field, and academic journals that publish environmental sociology research.

Los muertos indóciles (2013) by Cristina Rivera Garza and Teoría general de la basura (2018) by Agustín Fernández Mallo, explore the relationships between literature and archive. Both works diagnose the current conditions of textual production and propose poetic paths for future literature. These works also pose reflections on the ‘poetics of documentality’, through the lens of ‘documentality’ and the ‘materiality of texts’. To understand the relevance of the documentary as a philosophical problem, the critic draws from Maurizio Ferraris and Katherine Hayles, to analyze textual materiality, the material conditions of contemporary digital and social world, ‘geological writings’, and ‘complex realism’.

Ce travail s'appuie sur l'analyse d'autobiographies d'instituteurs recueillies par Jacques Ozouf lors de l'enquête qu'il a réalisée en 1964 auprès des maîtres d'écoles survivants de la Belle époque et sur l'étude des conceptions républicaines en matière d'éducation populaire telles qu'elles apparaissent notamment dans les procédures de formation des élèves-maîtres à l'école normale dans une période de constitution du «corps enseignant» qui doit se substituer à des «individualités enseignantes» selon les expressions de Jules Ferry. Le rapport qu'entretient l'instituteur républicain à son métier (vocation et mission) et la vision qu'il a -et transmet- du monde social (vision culturelle du monde social et moralisme social) rapportés à la fois aux caractéristiques sociologiques de son milieu d'origine et à la formation professionnelle qu'on lui impose, peuvent échapper aux interprétations moralisantes qui font du maître d'école des débuts de la IIIe République le champion du conservatisme social ou l'artisan de la libération du «peuple». Si éthique professionnelle repose tout la fois sur l'inculcation du respect de la "haute culture" et sur la conviction de la modestie de leur savoir, définissant ainsi aux "primaires" -sans cesse rappelés ordre culturel- des territoires culturels légitimes, les histoires familiales des ins tituteurs sont elles aussi porteuses une conscience des limites ; ainsi préparés adhérer aux thèses républicaines de école libératrice et de la meritocratie à partir d'une expérience sociale personnelle de libération par l'école les enseignants de l'école élémentaire sont également prédisposés à porter sur le monde rural un regard observateur d'esthète ou d'ethnologue, signe une solidarité conservée mais discutée leur milieu d'origine.

Narrative power is used in residential settings providing care for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities as a tool of social control. Framing narratives, stories and accounts influencing the accepted version of events, are used by clients, staff people, supervisors and professionals to influence and control the behavior of people in this social world. Identity narratives, stories and accounts influencing the accepted identity of different social actors, are also used to influence and control the behavior of people in these settings. Individualized Supported Living arrangements (ISLs) and group homes are settings where the social role of a client, a person with intellectual and developmental disabilities receiving support in this setting, is a clearly marked social role with almost no ability to exert narrative power independently, making the framing narratives and identity narratives of other actors the dominant narratives in their lives. Staff people, supervisors, case managers, behavior analysts and other professionals in this social world are able to effectively use narratives as tools of social control over clients, staff and other social actors within this milieu. These decentralized settings typically have one to three clients living in homes and apartments in the community with direct care staff support to assist them with their individualized needs, including activities of daily living, medication administration, behavioral support and community integration. Staff people routinely work for extended periods of time with no effective supervision, setting up a significant power disparity between staff and clients. Framing narratives and identity narratives are routinely deployed by staff in these settings to control the behavior of clients. Attempts by others to use these same tactics to control the behavior of staff people and other non-clients in this social world are routinely met with alternative narratives, or counter-narratives, that blunt the effectiveness of these tactics. Clients were unable to effectively deploy counter-narratives, with the exception of making allegations of abuse or neglect against staff people or others. This tactic sometimes led to outside agencies conducting inquiries. Lengthy ethnographic interviews of eighteen people with insider experience in the social world of ISLs and Group Homes were conducted in an active interviewing style designed to elicit narratives detailing the ways in which power is used as a tool of social control. These narratives were transcribed and analyzed to assess how the respondents used narratives to depict the use of power in this social setting. This analysis produced a number of significant findings. The most significant behavioral changes reported by respondents occurred when the framing narrative or identity narrative was internalized, effectively making the person their own agent of social control. Respondents all depicted themselves in positive terms, while framing others in negative terms and were supportive of increased accountability for other social actors in this setting, but not for themselves. Client advocates are necessary for meaningful client choices to be implemented in this social world, due to the lack of client narrative power in these settings. Institutional methodologies of social control can and do occur in decentralized community placements, making oversight to prevent the abuse and neglect of vulnerable clients a critical need in these settings. The reluctance of caregivers and others to report abuse and neglect of clients, despite being mandatory reporters, appears to be due to fear of reprisals and lack of faith that reporting abuse and neglect will make a difference. Agencies providing ISL and Group Home services receive significantly different levels of oversight based on political and social connections, with large and well-connected agencies getting differential treatment not afforded to smaller agencies with less political pull.