Abstract
This research is focused on the evaluation of lithological units of the Kazaure area, north western Nigeria. The geological mapping was carried out using topographical sheet on a scale of 1:50,000. The methodology adopted for the study involved Field studies and petrographic analysis, which included close observation of outcrops and their exposures, their mineralogy and structures as well as recording of their geographical locations and strike/dips of foliations. The analysis revealed that, the area is underlain by three (3) major rock units: muscovite schist, porphyritic granite and sandstone (Chad Formation) with quartzite occurring as a minor lithology. The trend of lineaments shows a predominating NE-SW direction in the rocks. The cations and anions analyzed revealed that they are within the range of acceptable standard, except the higher concentration ofand which might have formed from acidic water of the area. The dominant water facies in the study area is -. These facies might have taken their sources from rock-water interaction of silicate minerals (Plagioclase feldspar). Wilcox plot of salinity hazard of the water samples indicated that, the water of the area is good for irrigation. It can be classified, the value of electrical conductivity of 0 - 250 excellent, 250 - 750 good, 750 - 2250 doubtful and > 2250 µS/cm unsuitable. It is strongly recommended that the stake holders and governments at all levels enforce further studies of adjacent sheets for sustainable groundwater exploration and exploitation for better human and other domestic use.
Highlights
The task before Geographic Information Sciences (GIS) is to effectively be used as a tool for mapping of groundwater quality, determining water availability, preventing flooding, understanding the natural environment, and managing water resources on a local or regional scale
The basement rock units are more productive at the base of the weathered zone where the rocks have been broken down to sand size and larger fragments that are not subjected to extensive weathering process
Geology and Field Relationship: The study area is underlain by three major and one minor lithological unit. These are muscovite schist, porphyritic granite and sandstone (Chad Formation) with quartzite occurring as the minor lithology
Summary
The task before Geographic Information Sciences (GIS) is to effectively be used as a tool for mapping of groundwater quality, determining water availability, preventing flooding, understanding the natural environment, and managing water resources on a local or regional scale. GIS technologies have great potential for use in groundwater hydrology. The geology of Kazaure northeast (Figure 1) has been classified into four (4) major lithological units namely: muscovite schist, quartzite, granite and sandstone (Black et al, 1979; Ajibade et al, 1987; Kankara, 2019). Schist and quartzite were weighted as having a slightly higher normalized groundwater potential (15 and 11 respectively) in comparison to the granites with respective weights of 9. The Chad Formation was given normalized weights of 65. The basement rock units are more productive at the base of the weathered zone where the rocks have been broken down to sand size and larger fragments that are not subjected to extensive weathering process
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