Abstract
Chemical and topographical surface modifications on dental implants aim to increase the bone surface contact area of the implant and improve osseointegration. This study analyzed the cellular response of undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), derived from senile rats’ femoral bone marrow, when cultured on a bioactive coating (by plasma electrolytic oxidation, PEO, with Ca2+ and P5+ ions), a sandblasting followed by acid-etching (SLA) surface, and a machined surface (MSU). A total of 102 Ti-6Al-4V discs were divided into three groups (n = 34). The surface chemistry was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Cell viability assay, gene expression of osteoblastic markers, and mineralized matrix formation were investigated. The cell growth and viability results were higher for PEO vs. MSU surface (p = 0.001). An increase in cell proliferation from 3 to 7 days (p < 0.05) and from 7 to 10 days (p < 0.05) was noted for PEO and SLA surfaces. Gene expression for OSX, ALP, BSP, and OPN showed a statistical significance (p = 0.001) among groups. In addition, the PEO surface showed a higher mineralized matrix bone formation (p = 0.003). In conclusion, MSC from senile female rats cultured on SLA and PEO surfaces showed similar cellular responses and should be considered for future clinical investigations.
Highlights
With the increase in life expectancy, there is a greater need for orthopedic and dental rehabilitation due to pathological or traumatic fractures, joint wear, or the loss of dentition.Osseointegration of biomaterials depends on the properties of the implanted biomaterial and on the patient’s characteristics and the osteogenic capacity [1].A significant challenge in this rehabilitative process is the decrease in the quantity and quality of bone tissue caused by osteoporosis [2]
Low-density bones routinely found in osteoporotic, diabetes, decompensated hypertensive patients, etc., represent a significant challenge in successful implants osseointegration [2,3,4,5]
The null hypothesis was that there would be no significant difference in osteogenic cell responses between the two surfaces investigated in this study (PEO versus sandblasting followed by acid-etching (SLA))
Summary
Osseointegration of biomaterials depends on the properties of the implanted biomaterial and on the patient’s characteristics and the osteogenic capacity [1]. A significant challenge in this rehabilitative process is the decrease in the quantity and quality of bone tissue caused by osteoporosis [2]. Low-density bones routinely found in osteoporotic, diabetes, decompensated hypertensive patients, etc., represent a significant challenge in successful implants osseointegration [2,3,4,5]. Primary osteoporosis has become an important health concern worldwide, as it is an age-related disorder (over 70 years) and causes changes in cortical and trabecular bone. In addition to the imbalance in bone formation and resorption, evidence shows changes in the quantity and function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in senility [6]
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