Mapping and Epidemiological analysis of types of Congenital Malformations in a Teaching Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines as congenital malformation, all anomalies triggered by the alteration of normal development resulting in a deficient formation from the initial stage of the fetus still in intrauterine, whose origin occurs before birth, having causes genetic, environmental or unknown, whether structural or functional, these disorders can be seen in prenatal care, childbirth, or even manifested in childhood. Background: To map and analyze epidemiological data on congenital malformations in children at a Teaching Hospital in the interior of the State of São Paulo. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from children with congenital malformations between the years 2010 and 2017, searched through the International Disease Code (ICD 10) with codes from Q00 to Q89. During the analysis of the medical records, 30,309 male and female children with congenital malformations were identified, aged between 1 day and 12 years. Results: 30,309 male and female children with congenital malformations were identified (16,956 male or 54.75% and 13,713 female or 45.25%) aged between 1 day and 12 years (19,587 from 0 to 4 years or 64.63 %; 5,780 from 5 to 8 years or 19.07% and 4,942 from 9 to 12 years or 16.30%). The main types of congenital malformations were found: cardiac and circulatory or 42.32%; spinal cord or 12.34%; congenital clubfoot or 11.07%; male and female genitals and urinary tracts or 8.97% which add up to 74.70%. Conclusion: Congenital malformations are rare anomalies and this study concluded that they are mostly associated with male gender, early age and with a predominance of cardiac and circulatory alterations.