Abstract
Iceland is well known for its volcanic activity due to its location on the spreading Mid Atlantic Ridge and one of the earth's hot spot. In the past 1000 years there were about 200 eruptions occurring in Iceland, meaning volcanic eruptions occurred every four to five years, on average. Iceland currently has 30 active volcano systems, distributed evenly throughout the so- called Neovolcanic Zone. One of these volcanic systems is the Krafla central volcano, which is located in the northern Iceland at latitude 65°42'53'' N and longitude 16°43'40'' W. Krafla has produced two volcanic events in historic times: 1724-1729 (Myvatn Fires) and 1975-1984 (Krafla Fires). The Krafla Fires began in December 1975 and lasted until September 1984. This event covered about 36-km2 surrounding area with lava, having a total volume of 0.25-0.3 km3. Previous studies of lava surface morphology at Krafla focused on an open channel area by remote sensing are essential as a complementary tool to the previous investigations and to extend the area of mapping. Using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classification approach by selecting spectral reflectance end members, this study has successfully produced a detailed map of the surface morphology in Krafla lava field EO-1 Hyperion (Hyperspectral) satellite images. The overall accuracy of lava morphology map is 61.33% (EO-1 Hyperion). These results show that hyperspectral remote sensing is an acceptable alternative to field mapping and assessing the lava surface morphology in the Krafla lava field. In order to get validation of the satellite image's spectral reflectance, in-situ measurements of the lava field's spectral reflectance using ASD FieldSpec3 is essential.
Highlights
The Icelandic landmass was produced by repeated volcanic activities of various type, and most types of volcanoes and styles of eruptions known on earth can be found [1]
Iceland has a high concentration of active volcanoes due to its location on the mid-Atlantic Ridge in combination with its position on a volcanic mantle plume located underneath the island
According to spectral reflectance curve, the results show that the absorption features of the old lava in Krafla are relatively similar to weathered basalt, except in (Fe/Mg)-OH absorption ranges due to the limited range of remote sensing data and the shifting of absorptions features (Figure 1)
Summary
The Icelandic landmass was produced by repeated volcanic activities of various type, and most types of volcanoes and styles of eruptions known on earth can be found [1]. Aa and pahoehoe lava flows can be found on all of the volcanoes of Iceland [3]. Pahoehoe is a very vesicular pahoehoe lava type with fragile lava crust [5] It forms flow lobes and small lava tubes which become hollow inside as lava drains downslope or as the molten lava in the lobe-interior loses gas. Spiny pahoehoe leaks from the edges and the fronts of some aa flows [8] This is an initial aa lava type in the transformation from pahoehoe to rubbly aa. Surface breccia varies from sand size to blocks several meters in diameter) This lava type has high thermal maturity; the crust during flow is broken by brittle failure [9]. The previous study was primarily field mapping, video recording and measured pre-flow topography from aerial photographs
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
