Abstract
This chapter deals with piezoelectric transducers, pulse drive actuators, and ultrasonic transducers. We discuss the designing and manufacturing technologies from three viewpoints: (1) electromechanical performance in piezoelectric materials, (2) mechanical displacement amplification and clamping mechanisms, and (3) mechanical/acoustic energy transfer to media. Off-resonance pulse drive actuators require high soft piezoelectric PZT, while resonant sound sources are made from hard PZT materials with a high QM, because of their higher power generation without heat generation. Compressive bias stress is occasionally applied on a piezoelectric transducer along its elongation direction. A liquid medium is usually used for sound energy transfer, where the acoustic/mechanical impedance matching is to be considered on the transducer interface. We also discuss the problems relating with the complex poling process and its resulting mechanical fracture in piezoelectric transformers.
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