Manufacture of duck-beak bone particles with gamma-ray irradiation for bone graft

Abstract

There is a growing interest in bone graft materials for enhancing bone formation. We have focused on bone xenograft using animal by-products. Among animal by-products, the duck beak was specifically used in this study for manufacture of bone graft particles. Harvested duck-beak bone was defatted, deproteinized, and then heat-treated at 350ΰC. Subsequently, it was ground to ≤ 53 μm in a ceramic ball mill and irradiated with gamma rays at radiation doses of 0, 15, 20, 25, and 40 kGy. =Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the MTT assay were performed to investigate the effects of gamma-ray irradiation on the properties of duck-beak bone particles. Surface morphology of duck-beak bone particles by FE-SEM showed that bone particles had various sizes and similar surfaces between the 0, 15, 20, 25, and 40 kGy groups. The ATR-FTIR spectrum of all groups showed the characteristic peaks of PO43− and CO32− functional groups. Weight losses were observed and there was no significant difference in the curves depending on the radiation doses, by TGA analyses. The viabilities of human mesenchymal stem cells were 90–100% in all groups in the MTT assay. Based on our results, sterilization by gamma-ray irradiation < 40 kGy had no effect on the physical and surface properties of duck-beak bone particles. Therefore, this study showed that gamma-ray irradiation can be effectively used for the sterilization of duck-beak bone derived xenografts.