Manufacture, import and distribution of grains in the Roman period in Upper Moesia

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Much of the territory of today's Serbia became part of the Roman Empire in the first century AD. Roman provincial system was brought to this area a different kind of organization of settlements in accordance to the needs of the new administration. The Roman province of Upper Moesia, offered not just mineral resources, which are mentioned in ancient sources, but also the conditions for the development of agriculture. Establishment of the Roman provinces in the territory of Serbia is related with coming of military units and increased population. From roman sources we learn that the Romans knew about various types of soil and therefore the division performed according to what the land will be used. Thus we find the term ager sationalis, which applies only to fields with grains. Territory of the province of Upper Moesia was study and also the geomorphologic characteristics of the region and the opportunities for the production of grains, as well as the importance of agriculture in the economic development of the province of Upper Moesia. The biggest change in the province of Upper Moesia was made by the Roman army, and their permanent camps rise in Singidunum (Belgrade) and Viminacium (Kostolac), and numerous smaller fortifications across the border-limes and interior, by the end of the first century. The Roman army had organized food supply system. Among the foods that fall within the ordinary soldier's rations were also the grains. Archaeological excavations of roman sites, the analysis of tools used in farming, as well as materials that indirectly have to do with farming, contributes to knowing of utilization of the arable land. The expansion of arrivals administration to the central of the Roman Balkans, determine changes incurred in the direct production of cereals in the organization and their exploitation and distribution, as well as determining the possible importation of cereals from neighboring provinces. The role of the military, especially its veteran who after serving military service got a big land property, and deserves an important place in the study of the organization of agricultural production and the inclusion of Balkan-Pannonian provinces of the Roman empire. In order to contribute to the knowledge economy of the Roman province of Upper Moesia and the end of the third century studding method combines the processing of archaeological material from the ancient sites related to the production and storage of grain and ancient sources involved in agriculture in the Roman Empire, and the archaeological theoretical method. There is a significant incidence of agrarian cults of deities in the Roman province of Upper Moesia (Liber, Libera, Ceres, Silvan, Terra Mater, Priapus). The general conclusion is that the population of the territory of Upper Moesia, although predominantly rural, has been unable to produce sufficient amounts of grain for themselves and the military. Peasant farms of Upper Moesia, probably a small and not so densely populated province is…