Mansonia altisima residue ash (MARA): A precursor for a Nano catalytic (CaO- SiO2-K2O) base employed for the production of JS.22 green diesel

Abstract

JS.22 seed oil was transesterified into green diesel in an effort to create a nontoxic and environmentally friendly fuel. Mansonia altisima residual ash (MARA) was used to create an alkaline base catalyst, which was then evaluated using SEM, FTIR, BET, XRF, and qualitative analysis. Three factors (EtOH/OMR, reaction duration, catalyst quantity, and reaction temperature) were taken into account during process optimization utilizing the Stat Ease 360 optimizer.The catalyst reusability test was used to gage the strength of the utilized catalyst. The physical and chemical characteristics of oil made it suitable for transesterification. CaO-K2O-SiO2 is recognized as a catalyst composition by catalyst analysis. At the following conditions: reaction duration of 50 min, catalyst quantity of 2.0 (%wt), and E-OH/OMR of 4.0 (vol/vol), process optimization predicted a green diesel yield of 98.99% (vol/vol). Process optimization predicted a 98.99% (vol./vol.) green diesel yield under the following conditions: reaction time of 50 min; catalyst amount of 2.0 (%wt); and E-OH/OMR of 4.0 (vol./vol.). However, statistical analysis was validated, and the average means of 98.78% (vol./vol.) were obtained with p-values of 0.0001. The catalyst reusability test was suspended after the eighth cycle since the yield had significantly dropped.The green diesel qualities complied with the suggested green diesel standard.