Abstract
Purpose: To examine the effect of mangiferin on insulin resistance (IR) in a rat polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) model.Methods: The rat PCOS model was established via subcutaneous injection of 6 mg/kg of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and mangiferin was orally administered. Body and ovarian weights were recorded. Serum levels of glucose, insulin, and related inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while the expression levels of key proteins were analyzed by western blotting.Results: DHEA significantly increased ovarian weight and the ratio of ovarian weight/body weight (p <0.001), while mangiferin treatment decreased them (p < 0.001). Mangiferin also lowered DHEA-induced enhancements in serum glucose and insulin levels (p < 0.001). The mRNA and, expression and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) were also significantly reduced by mangiferin treatment (p < 0.001). Furthermore, mangiferin suppressed phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) but increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT, p < 0.001).Conclusion: These results reveal that mangiferin not only decreases inflammatory cytokine levels by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway but also ameliorates IR in a rat PCOS model via regulating AKT signaling pathway. Thus, mangiferin is a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of PCOS.
 Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Mangiferin, Inflammation, Insulin resistance, NF-κB, AKT
Highlights
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a gynecological endocrine disorder, is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) [1]
These results revealed that mangiferin could decrease the levels of glucose and insulin in rats with PCOS
In line with previous research showing that mangiferin can ameliorate PCOS by decreasing IR [16], the present study demonstrated that mangiferin decreased the ratio of ovarian weight/body weight to improve ovarian function, and decreased serum glucose and insulin levels to ameliorate IR
Summary
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a gynecological endocrine disorder, is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) [1]. It is necessary to develop more effective therapeutic drugs and strategies for the treatment of PCOS. Mangiferin was firstly isolated from the leaves and bark of the mango tree (Mangifera indica), and it can be found in mango peels and kernels. Mangiferin has been found in Iris unguicularis, the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, leaves of Bombax ceiba, and in the genera Salacia and Cyclopia [3]. One study showed that mangiferin can function as a Mangiferin has been shown to reduce the inflammatory response of mouse macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide by inactivation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome [6]. Mangiferin reduces the level of inflammation in rats after spinal cord injury [7]. The effects of mangiferin on PCOS-induced IR and inflammation have not been reported previously, and the mechanism is still unclear
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