Managing Geopolitical Risk: Repurposing Human Systems and Re-Establishing Sovereignty Over Them

Abstract

Traditional systems of customs and border enforcement are being challenged. How the movement people and goods are managed, is a political decision, with an economic impact. Uncertainty surrounding these systems creates risk. This paper uses theory, existing practice, and examples of human advancement to consider how the international community could manage migration, reduce irregular mass migration, pursue development, and take action against exploitation (i.e. human trafficking, human smuggling, and forced labour), collectively. It also considers how the EU and the UK can manage customs enforcement after Brexit, while continuing the peace process.