Abstract
ABSTRACTSugar maple (Acer saccharum) is a highly valued tree in United States (US) and Canada, and its sap when collected from taps and concentrated, makes a delicious syrup. Understanding how this resource may be impacted by climate change and other threats is essential to continue management for maple syrup into the future. Here, we evaluate the current distribution of maple syrup production across twenty-three states within the US and estimate the current potential sugar maple resource based on tree inventory data. We model and project the potential habitat responses of sugar maple using a species distribution model with climate change under two future General Circulation Models (GCM) and emission scenarios and three time periods (2040, 2070, 2100). Our results show that under GFDL-A1Fi (high CO2 emissions), sugar maple habitat is projected to decline (mean ratio of future habitat to current habitat per state = 0.46, sd ± 0.33), which could lead to reduced maple syrup production per tree and nearly 5 million additional taps required to maintain current projection levels. If global emissions are reduced and follow a lower trajectory of warming (under PCM-B1), then habitat for the species may be maintained but would still require management intervention. Finally, our results point to regions, particularly along the northern tier, where both climate change impacts and currently developing sugar maple habitat may signify viable opportunities to increase maple syrup production.EDITED BY Christine Fürst
Highlights
Forests of the eastern United States are diverse and place a foundational role in many ecosystems
Sugar maple trees are presently abundant in the eastern United States, and occur in 15,572 of the 88,845 Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots, and with its range encompassing the whole of northeastern US (Figure 1)
FIA estimates 9.25 billion sugar maple trees to be present in this region, including all size classes
Summary
Forests of the eastern United States are diverse and place a foundational role in many ecosystems Their role in maintaining key ecosystem processes, including regulating water and carbon cycles, point to the vital supporting services they provide. Within this diverse assemblage of species, many provide other key ecosystem services that benefit human well-being. These species provide provisioning services like timber, regulating services such as water filtration, and cultural services of heritage and sense of place. The climatic trends undoubtedly affect the ecosystem services which may gradually change with the climate or change rapidly by an increased load of disturbance events interacting with climate change
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