Abstract
Bean common bacterial blight reduces crop productivity and is difficult to control. However, biological control by yeast can be an efficient complementary measure in management. The objective was to evaluate the ability of Rhodotorula glutinis and Sporidiobolus johnsonii to reduce the severity of bean common bacterial blight. The cultivar used was IAPAR Tuiuiú. The first experiment was sown in March and repeated in October, in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme (zero, one, two and three applications and three treatments R. glutinis, S. johnsonii and Acibenzolar-S-Methyl (ASM)). For this purpose were evaluated the area under the disease progress curve (AACPD), number of pods per plant (NVP), number of grains per pod (NGV), thousand grain mass (MMG) and productivity. For the results of the March cultivation, due to the low temperature, the maximum severity of bean common bacterial blight was 8% and the applications of yeasts were not significant for AACPD. The isolate R. glutinis showed the highest average of productivity with two applications, being 1006.44 kg ha-1. For October cultivation, R. glutinis and S. johnsonii isolates reduced AACPD by 66.84 and 58.42%, respectively with three applications. For productivity, R. glutinis and S. johnsonii showed no difference between the number of applications. The ASM showed a productivity of 4418.56 kg ha-1 with three applications. The results indicate that the yeasts R. glutinis and S. johnsonii reduce the severity of bean common bacterial blight and the most appropriate number of applications are two for both isolates.
Highlights
Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most produced and consumed legumes worldwide, occupying an important place in human nutrition, as it is rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and zinc (Hailu et al, 2017)
The main control measures are made through the integrated management of diseases, using various methods that aim to produce an unfavorable environment to the pathogen, through crop rotation, use of healthy seeds (Torres & Maringoni, 2010), resistant cultivars, resistance induction by Acibenzolar-S-Methyl (ASM) (MAPA, 2020), prevention with cuprics (Wendland et al, 2016) and biological control of diseases (Fancelli & Dourado Neto, 2007)
This research aimed to evaluate the ability of the yeasts R. glutinis and S. johnsonii to reduce the severity of bean common bacterial blight and the number of applications most suitable for phytosanitary treatment
Summary
Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most produced and consumed legumes worldwide, occupying an important place in human nutrition, as it is rich in proteins, vitamins and minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and zinc (Hailu et al, 2017). Numerous diseases affect the cultivation of this culture, reducing its productivity (Leta, Lamessa, & Ayana, 2017). Infested seeds internally and/or externally are important sources of primary inoculum (Leta, Lamessa, & Ayana, 2017). The main control measures are made through the integrated management of diseases, using various methods that aim to produce an unfavorable environment to the pathogen, through crop rotation, use of healthy seeds (Torres & Maringoni, 2010), resistant cultivars, resistance induction by Acibenzolar-S-Methyl (ASM) (MAPA, 2020), prevention with cuprics (Wendland et al, 2016) and biological control of diseases (Fancelli & Dourado Neto, 2007). The biological control of diseases consists of the use of antagonistic microorganisms with great adaptability, which compete in some way with phytopathogens (Fancelli & Dourado Neto, 2007). There are other mechanisms such as antibiosis, which is the ability of one microorganism to inhibit the growth of another, competition through the interaction between microorganisms with the environment and parasitism in which there is the production of enzymes for the attack, resulting in the death of one of those involved (Machado & Bettiol, 2010)
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