Abstract
The increase in sewage sludge makes it necessary to improve the direction of sewage sludge management policy and disposal, which requires a larger amount of incineration or land reclamation. It was shown that the result of methane fermentation, which is a more complex process of extracting energy contained in waste. High costs of implementation of sludge processing technology and low efficiency of sewage treatment plants in which sewage sludge is insufficient to recover energy from them, have a negative impact on the development of energy generation from sediments. The model waste system for energy is characterized, which includes two stages. The proposed solution can be applied to small wastewater treatment plants and it is justifiable to use the concept of bi-functional bioreactors in which anaerobic and aerobic processes can be carried out with much lower construction and maintenance costs. The use of bioreactors allows to exclude the energy demand needed to stabilize sewage sludge at a low cost compared to the expenditure that is currently incurred by disposal. The proposed solution works perfectly with industrial plants, due to the possibility of their creation in the time of the creation and application of a circular economy.
Highlights
IntroductionSewage management involves the costs incurred for the development of infrastructure, improvement of treatment technologies or the application of generation technologies of energy contained in municipal sewage sludge [2]
Waste processing systems in bioreactors are acknowledged for the installations of Mechanical and Biological Processing of wastes (MBP) in which intensive biological decomposition of organic matter is carried out in aerobic conditions, but so far they have not been implemented for sludge management purposes at sewage treatment plants in Poland in the way presented by the team of researchers
According to the statistics provided by the Energy Regulatory Office in Poland, there are only 106 biogas plants that process biogas from sewage treatment plants, which accounts for about 4% of all biological treatment plants
Summary
Sewage management involves the costs incurred for the development of infrastructure, improvement of treatment technologies or the application of generation technologies of energy contained in municipal sewage sludge [2]. Sewage treatment plants in Poland can be divided into three types – mechanical, biological and those with higher removal of nutrients. In the years 2010 – 2016 there was an increase in the total number of municipal sewage treatment plants from 3136 to 3253, including the number of biological treatment plants (from 2263 to 2408) and treatment plants with higher removal of nutrients (from 814 to 826). The main management directions of sewage sludge policy involve principally agriculture, land reclamation purposes, cultivation of plants for compost, thermal processing and landfilling
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