Management of Paediatric Airway Emergencies: A Systematic Review of Current Practice Guidelines and Clinical Outcomes

Abstract

Introduction: Paediatric airway emergencies are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize current practice guidelines and clinical outcomes in managing paediatric airway emergencies. Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies. Inclusion criteria were studies that reported on the management of paediatric airway emergencies. Data extraction and analysis were conducted based on pre-defined criteria. Results: An overview of current practice guidelines from various organizations was provided, highlighting key recommendations for paediatric airway emergencies. A review of studies reporting clinical outcomes of paediatric airway emergencies showed variations in mortality rates and causes of death, as well as complication rates and types of complications such as respiratory failure, hypoxia, pneumothorax, aspiration, bradycardia, hypotension, and esophageal perforation. Discussion: Comparison of guidelines and reported outcomes revealed areas of agreement such as the importance of early recognition and intervention in paediatric airway emergencies and disagreement with regard to the use of progressive airway management techniques such as intubation and surgical airway management. Potential explanations for discrepancies were discussed. Limitations of the review were also acknowledged, including potential publication bias and heterogeneity of study designs. Future research directions were suggested, such as the need for standardized data collection and reporting in clinical trials. Conclusion: This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of current practice guidelines and clinical outcomes in managing paediatric airway emergencies. The findings highlight the importance of early recognition and prompt management of these emergencies, as well as the need for further research to improve clinical outcomes.