Abstract

Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are at risk of developing of intra abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).Aim: This review seeks to define IAH and ACS, identify the aetiology and presentation of IAH and ACS, identify IAP measurement techniques, identify current management and discuss the implications of IAH and ACS for nursing practice. A search of the electronic databases was supervised by a health librarian. The electronic data bases Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL); Medline, EMBASE, and the World Wide Web was undertaken from 1996- January 2011 using MeSH and key words which included but not limited to: abdominal compartment syndrome, intra -abdominal hypertension, intra-abdominal pressure in adult populations met the search criteria and were reviewed by three authors using a critical appraisal tool. Data derived from the retrieved material are discussed under the following themes: (1) etiology of intra-abdominal hypertension; (2) strategies for measuring intra-abdominal pressure (3) the manifestation of abdominal compartment syndrome; and (4) the importance of nursing assessment, observation and interventions. Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) have the potential to alter organ perfusion and compromise organ function.

Highlights

  • The importance of the diagnosis and management of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is increasingly recognised

  • Complications resulting from IAH and ACS can be life threatening to critically ill patients [1,2]

  • Intra abdominal hypertension and ACS have been recognised since the 1800 s [1,2] it has only been the past 15 years that the physiological complications of IAH and ACS and the impact these can have on patients has been appreciated

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Summary

Introduction

The importance of the diagnosis and management of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is increasingly recognised. These conditions can alter organ perfusion and as a consequence end organ function. Complications resulting from IAH and ACS can be life threatening to critically ill patients [1,2]. There is limited data published specific to the nursing role in IAH and ACS. The increase in awareness of IAH and ACS is due to improvements in diagnostic practices and changing treatment paradigms in patients sustaining traumatic

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