Management of difficult bile duct stones and indeterminate bile duct structures: Reduced ERCP radiation exposure with adjunct use of digital single-operator cholangioscopy

Abstract

IntroductionEndoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography (ERCP) is an well-established endoscopic procedure for the management of biliary diseases. The use of fluoroscopy during ERCP has often raised concerns regarding potential risks from radiation exposure, particularly in complex cases. We investigated whether a new digital single-operator cholangioscopy (D-SOC) system, used adjunctively to ERCP, actually reduces patient radiation exposure. Materials and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed a prospective database (April 2016 to October 2018) including consecutive patients who underwent successful management of difficult-to-treat biliary stones or indeterminate biliary strictures by using either conventional ERCP (ERCP cohort) or ERCP in conjunction with D-SOC (ERCP/D-SOC cohort). The overall patient radiation exposure outcomes were compared in terms of Kerma Area Product (KAP), Fluoroscopy time (T) and the total number of films (F). ResultsOverall, 47 patients (mean 71.8 years, 59.6% males) were included (ERCP cohort = 29, ERCP/D-SOC cohort = 18), referred either for difficult bile duct stones (n = 36) or indeterminate biliary strictures (n = 11). The median KAP, T and F in the ERCP/D-SOC cohort were 12.3 Gycm2, 3.7 min and 4 films respectively, compared with 52.1 Gycm2, 8.4 min, and 5 films respectively in the ERCP cohort. Statistically significant differences (P = 0.0001) were found for KAP and T. ConclusionsAdjunct use of a digital cholangioscopy platform appears to significantly reduce radiation exposure in patients undergoing ERCP for the management of difficult bile stones or indeterminate biliary strictures.