Management of Biopesticides to Control Infestation of Insect Stored Grain Pest Triboloium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrioide): A Review

Abstract

Pulses and Cereals have great nutritional value in the daily human diet. Infestation of Stored grain is a serious issue since different life stages of several types of insects can cause it. Insect degrade the quality of stored grains and product, resulting in economic losses. The storage of grains has been linked to a high number of insect infestations. Almost all stored grain insect pests have remarkably high multiplication rates and may destroy 10-15 % of grains. The major pest of stored grains includes Weevil (Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Sitophilus granaries), Tribolium species (Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum), Khapra beetles (Trogoderma granarium), lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica), Pulse beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus), Rice moth (Corcyra cephalonica), etc. Continuous and indiscriminate over use of insecticides are responsible for the development of resistance against these insect pesticides. Accumulation of synthetic chemical pesticide residues on pulses and cereals are unfortunately consumed by human. Recently, in agricultural practices in different areas of the world, attention has been given towards the exploitation of plant biochemical as a new approach in stored grain protection. Various scientific literature already documented the efficacy of plant derivatives against storage grain pests. Biopesticides kill and repel the insect pests, affect insect growth, development and metamorphosis. Farmers have used higher plants, medicinal plants, various herbs and traditional spices for stored grain insect pest management, but majority of farmer use chemical insecticide to increase productivity but it causes adverse effect on environment and non-target animal including human also, so there is more need for scientific research regarding the plant Biopesticides efficacy against stored grain pests.