Management of abiotic stresses with nano-black carbon is a tool for crop production

Abstract

Nano-black carbon is a high carbonate modification created by the absence of oxygen or limited supply of a wide variety of feedstocks. Nano-black carbon typically has a high level of area, capacity for cation exchange, reactive functional groups, and highly reactive carbon. Due to these characteristics, Nano-black carbon has been widely associated with multiple abiotic stress reductions to enhance crop growth, development, production, soil fertility, and soil quality. Nano-black carbon application in agriculture possesses the potential to tolerate abiotic stress. Organic biomass thermal degradation in limited oxygen forms a solid coproduce known as Nano-black carbon (biochar). There is a growing interest worldwide in Nano-black carbon application in agriculture and farm produce. The main reasons for Nano-black carbon application in agriculture and cultural practices might be due to (a) a source of renewable biofuels and carbon sequestration (ii) Many biomass waste materials can be treated by pyrolysis and thus converted into fuel sources. (iii) The long-term sequence of carbon dioxide that can be introduced into the atmosphere by adding Nano-black carbon to the soil. Nano-black carbon amendment into the soil improving soil fertility and crop productivity. To meet global food security, crop production faces several real challenges, including declining trend of soil fertility and organic matter, climatic extremes, unmanaged rainfall patterns, and pathogens. Abiotic pressures such as heat and cold, drought, salinity, water storage, and heavy metal pressure are emerging as important factors in reducing crop production globally.