Selenium concentration and method of application modulate growth and development of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Abstract

Selenium (Se) is considered a beneficial element for plants. It plays a fundamental role in several physiological processes that influence their growth, development, and productivity. However, the influence of Se depends on both the concentration used and the method of application. It was hypothesized that low concentrations of Se stimulate plant growth and development, and foliar applications are more effective as a method of application. For that reason, the objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of 5, 10, 25, and 50 µM of Se applied radically and foliarly in bell pepper crop employed in a soilless cultivation system. The presence of Se by both application methods stimulated plant production, dry biomass accumulation, and photosynthetic pigment content, as well as leaf concentration of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), except for calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) which were influenced by the application method and Se concentration factor, respectively. Fruit size was favored by the Se concentration factor while shelf life was favored by the application method. Se concentration in fruit dry matter varied as a function of Se concentration and application method, being more effective for human consumption by foliar application. This demonstrates the potential of Se as a beneficial element and reinforces the importance of proper management of both the concentration and method of Se application in agricultural crop production.