Management and Therapeutic Intervention for Hypertension: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Hypertension, a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood pressure, is a major global health concern, affecting over 1.28 billion people and contributing to significant cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted approaches to managing and treating hypertension, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapies, and innovative interventions. It highlights key therapeutic strategies such as the DASH diet, regular exercise, and stress management, along with pharmacological treatments like diuretics, beta-blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Additionally, emerging therapies such as renal denervation, baroreceptor activation therapy, and precision medicine offer new avenues for treating resistant hypertension. The role of telemedicine and digital health tools in enhancing blood pressure management is also discussed. Despite these advancements, challenges such as patient adherence, healthcare disparities, and aging populations persist. Future research should focus on precision medicine, improving adherence, and expanding access to cost-effective treatments in low-resource settings. Addressing these challenges through global collaboration can significantly reduce the global burden of hypertension and improve patient outcomes. Keywords: Hypertension, blood pressure management, pharmacological therapy, lifestyle interventions.