Abstract
Soil pollution due to acid contamination changes the chemical state of the soil and affects the water evaporation and desiccation cracking characteristics of the soil. The contamination of soils is becoming a serious problem due to increases in manufacturing, construction, and industrial activities, especially in and around urban areas. Soil pollution has become a global issue with serious and harmful impacts on the environment. The purpose of this paper is to present a study on the evaporation characteristics of soil contaminated with different acid concentrations. The result indicates that water evaporation in soils can be divided into three stages: the steady rate of evaporation, deceleration of evaporation, and residual evaporation stages. With increases in acid concentration, there is critical water content at which the rate of evaporation starts to decrease with increase in the duration of evaporation. Surface crack development in soils with different acid concentrations can be divided into three stages: initial cracking, crack development, and crack stabilization. When the acid concentration is higher than 0.4 mol/L, the initial cracking and stabilization stages disappear, and cracks continue to develop until they become stable.
Highlights
Rapid industrial and urban developments have resulted in serious soil pollution in many parts of the world [1,2,3]. e northwestern part of China has a fragile ecological environment which is more prone to be affected by rapid industrial development
Evaporation Process of Soil Subjected to Acid Contamination. e evaporation of water in soils is the process of water entering the atmosphere from the soil surface which results in a decrease in the water content and gradual drying of the soil surface
Acid contamination significantly changes the evaporation characteristics and development of desiccation cracks in soils. e evaporation characteristics of the soil samples contaminated with different acid concentrations can be divided into three stages: the steady rate of evaporation, deceleration of evaporation, and residual evaporation
Summary
Rapid industrial and urban developments have resulted in serious soil pollution in many parts of the world [1,2,3]. e northwestern part of China has a fragile ecological environment which is more prone to be affected by rapid industrial development. Rapid industrial and urban developments have resulted in serious soil pollution in many parts of the world [1,2,3]. E northwestern part of China has a fragile ecological environment which is more prone to be affected by rapid industrial development. Aside from soil contamination, industrial activities cause acid rain from the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide (acid forming compounds) into the environment when fossil fuels are used. Acid rain affects the environment in many ways Such as does this acidic precipitation directly damage the environment and changes the chemistry of the soil which affects vegetation growth and biological habitats. E impact of soil pollution due to acidic precipitation on terrestrial ecosystems is a major environmental issue which can be found in many countries. Acid pollution has become one of the important reasons for the acidification of the environment. is has resulted in the increased mobility of cadmium (Cd) ions and its toxicity to plants even though the mobility of Cd ions in soil is lower at higher pH values [10]
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