Abstract
Contemporary analytical methods have the sensitivity required for Ochratoxin A detection and quantification, but direct application of these methods on real samples can be rarely performed because of matrix complexity. Thus, efficient sample pre-treatment methods are needed. Recent years have seen the increasing use of artificial recognition systems as a viable alternative to natural receptors, because these materials seem to be particularly suitable for applications where selectivity for Ochratoxin A is essential. In this review, molecularly imprinted polymers, aptamers and tailor-made peptides for Ochratoxin A capture and analysis with particular attention to solid phase extraction applications will be discussed.
Highlights
It is largely accepted in academic circles and public health bodies that food and feed contamination from Ochratoxin A (OTA, 1, Figure 1) is a severe public health problem [1,2]
The main goal of this review is to examine the application of such different tailor-made materials in the analysis of food contamination by OTA with particular attention to solid phase extraction applications
Amplification process medium low fast dissociation high very high negligible no yes yes no yes yes low yes yes no no large growing growing limited anti-OTA antibodies grafted cross-linked synthetic polymers onto chromatography-type prepared in presence of OTA or solid supports
Summary
It is largely accepted in academic circles and public health bodies that food and feed contamination from Ochratoxin A (OTA, 1, Figure 1) is a severe public health problem [1,2]. A sample which is positive for OTA contamination should be validated by using more sophisticated analytical methods [12,13,14] These methods are usually based on instrumental separative techniques coupled with mass spectrometric detectors of varying complexity. OTA is usually present in food at very low concentration (ng-μg/kg) levels, dispersed in highly complex and morphologically structured matrices, with an elevated degree of point-to-point and sample-to-sample variability Such a type of matrix introduces severe disturbances in the analytical separation step, and quantitative analysis can be performed only after extensive clean-up and preconcentration steps. As reported, tailor-made, artificial systems as molecularly imprinted polymers, aptamers and binding peptides obtained by combinatorial synthesis are good candidates to circumvent the drawbacks typical of more traditional solid phase extraction techniques These materials seem to be suitable for extractive applications where. Binding Peptides linear peptides selected through a sequential screening of a of a spatially addressable peptide combinatorial library low low fast dissociation high very high negligible no yes yes no yes yes low high low slow dissociation high limited negligible no limited no no yes difficult, mainly monouse low to medium medium high slow dissociation high very high significant in water yes yes yes yes no yes low oligonucleotides selected through a sequential affinity purification/PCR amplification process medium low fast dissociation high very high negligible no yes yes no yes yes low yes yes no no large growing growing limited anti-OTA antibodies grafted cross-linked synthetic polymers onto chromatography-type prepared in presence of OTA or solid supports
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