Abstract
The incidence and severity of mastitis is directly related to changes in the composition, magnitude, and efficiency of the mammary gland defense system. Mammary gland defense involves a complex system of tissues, cells, and molecules that work together to protect against mastitis-causing organisms. Individual components of the mammary immune system can be classified by two functional categories that include the innate and adaptive immunity. The innate and adaptive immune systems are highly interactive and function to not only prevent bacterial invasion of the mammary gland, but also eliminate existing infections and restore mammary tissues to normal function. The development of innovative strategies that can enhance otherwise impaired mammary gland defense mechanisms during periods of increased disease susceptibility could have a major impact on the incidence of mastitis.
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