Malignant hypercalcemia: clinical case and minireview

Abstract

Malignant hypercalcemia is defined as the presence of high serum calcium concentrations in the context of tumor pathology. It is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients with solid tumors or hematological neoplasms where the postulated mechanisms are the presence of bone metastases and / or the secretion of factors that activate resorption by tumor cells. It can be detected as a finding in the study of asymptomatic patients or be associated with severe clinical manifestations that require urgent treatment. The therapeutic approach must be carried out in an interdisciplinary way aimed at normalizing calcemia, being important the etiological diagnosis to adapt the therapeutic behavior in the long term avoiding future complications. This article presents the case of a 43-year-old female patient immunosuppressed by HIV with a diagnosis of symptomatic hypercalcemia in the context of tumor pathology and bone metastases, her multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach with a brief review of the topic.