Abstract
OBJECTIVETo investigate sex-related differences in maternal, perinatal, and neonatal outcome in type 1 diabetic pregnancies in the Netherlands.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis was a nationwide prospective cohort-based study. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify sex-specific risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome.RESULTSA total of 323 type 1 diabetic pregnancies were included; 314 were ongoing after 24 weeks of gestation. There were eight twin pregnancies and one triplet, resulting in 324 infants born after 24 weeks of gestation. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of congenital malformations was independently associated with male newborns (OR 3.5 [95% CI 1.3–10.0]; P = 0.02).CONCLUSIONSThe higher incidence of congenital malformations in infants of women with type 1 diabetes appears to be restricted to male infants only.
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