Abstract
Although there has been considerable improvement in the outcome of pregnancies complicated by diabetes [1–3], the incidence of congenital malformations in infants of diabetic mothers is still three times greater than the rate in the offspring of nondiabetic mothers [4–6]. Because the other problems associated with diabetic pregnancies, such as macrosomia, stillbirths, and intrauterine growth retardation, have been dramatically reduced, malformations have emerged as the most common cause of perinatal death among infants of diabetic women [7].
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