Abstract
Premenopausal women have reduced cardiovascular disease compared to men. The mechanisms underlying such gender differences are unclear. Using a rat Langendorff model, we found that females (F) had smaller infarcts than males (M) after 30 minutes of ischemia. We hypothesized that this protection is mediated by altered protein levels or post‐translational modifications (PTM), and we used a proteomic approach to investigate these differences. Isolated mitochondria from M and F rats were analyzed by 2D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D‐DIGE) followed by mass spectrometry (MS). 2D‐DIGE analysis of M and F revealed differences in 20 proteins. PDH‐E1α and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were both located at multiple pI values, suggesting PTM. Furthermore, for PDH E1α, F had higher levels at high pI values and lower levels at low pI values while the reverse was true for ALDH; these data suggest M‐F differences in PTM. Consistent with M‐F differences in PTM, using ProQ to identify phosphoprotein, we found increased PDH‐E1α phosphorylation in M compared to F. Quantitative MS identified 742 proteins, but no significant M‐F difference was found in any of these proteins. These data suggest that PTM plays a bigger role in M‐F differences than changes in expression of mitochondrial proteins.
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