Abstract
Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh. is one of the few dioecious plant species that have sex chromosomes. The chromosome constitution of females is 2n = 12A + XX and 2n = 12A + XY1Y2 of males. It is a medicinally important plant species and has also been the object of studies on the structure and function of sex chromosomes and sex ratio. An efficient plant regeneration protocol was developed from karyologically stable male roots that had been derived from a long-term liquid culture. The root segments were grown on MS medium supplemented with the following plant growth regulators: 2.4-D, NAA, kinetin, BAP and TDZ. The highest frequency (81.73 %) of adventitious shoot formation (16.27 shoots/explant) was obtained on MS + 0.5 mg/l TDZ. Regenerated shoots were successfully rooted on ½ MS + 2 % sucrose + 0.5 mg/l IBA and acclimated to in vivo conditions. Histological analysis revealed indirect (via callus) adventitious shoot formation. The cells of the morphogenetic callus were surrounded by a fibrillar structure that was similar to the extracellular matrix. Molecular analysis based on genetic sex markers confirmed that all of the root explants were male. The genetic stability of the regenerated plantlets was confirmed using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. This is the first report concerning the micropropagation protocol for R. thyrsiflorus Fingerh. from male roots derived from a long-term liquid culture, which offers a unique opportunity to obtain true-to-type plants of the same sex.
Highlights
Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh. is one of the few dioecious plant species that have sex chromosomes
Regenerated adventitious shoots were rooted on: (1) MS without plant growth regulators, (2) MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or 0.5 mg/l indole-3acetic acid (IAA), (3) MS supplemented with 2 % sucrose and 0.5 mg/l IBA or 0.5 mg/l IAA or (4) by rinsing in IBA solutions (20 mg/l) for 24 h followed by inoculation on MS medium without plant growth regulators
Histological analyses of the morphogenetic callus showed a fibrillar structure in the intercellular spaces between the callus cells, which was similar to the extracellular matrix (ECM; Fig. 3e, f)
Summary
Rumex thyrsiflorus Fingerh. (pyramidal sorrel, thyrse sorrel) is one of the few dioecious plant species that have sex chromosomes. (pyramidal sorrel, thyrse sorrel) is one of the few dioecious plant species that have sex chromosomes. It is closely related to R. acetosa, which is a model species in plant sex chromosome studies. Both species are difficult to distinguish, form mixed populations and can interbreed with each other (Grabowska-Joachimiak et al 2012). The chromosome constitution of R. thyrsiflorus females is 2n = 12A ? According to Litvinenko and Muzychkina (2008), R. thyrsiflorus was introduced to medicine in 2006 because of phytopreparations that are known to exhibit hemostatic, astringent, anti-inflammatory, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, diuretic, analgesic, antitumor and antihelminthic activity. The varied biological activity of sorrel is due to the presence of various groups of biologically active substances, in particular, flavonoids, tanning agents, phenolic acids, anthraquinones, polyunsaturated fatty acids etc
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