The Effect of Sodium Butyrate on Adventitious Shoot Formation Varies among the Plant Species and the Explant Types.

Myoung Hui Lee,Jae Cheol Jeong,Cha Young Kim,Jiyoung Lee,Eun Yee Jie,Seung Hee Choi,Suk Weon Kim

doi:10.3390/ijms21228451

Abstract

Histone acetylation plays an important role in plant growth and development. Here, we investigated the effect of sodium butyrate (NaB), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on adventitious shoot formation from protoplast-derived calli and cotyledon explants of tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The frequency of adventitious shoot formation from protoplast-derived calli was higher in shoot induction medium (SIM) containing NaB than in the control. However, the frequency of adventitious shoot formation from cotyledon explants of tobacco under the 0.1 mM NaB treatment was similar to that in the control, but it decreased with increasing NaB concentration. Unlike in tobacco, NaB decreased adventitious shoot formation in tomato explants in a concentration-dependent manner, but it did not have any effect on adventitious shoot formation in calli. NaB inhibited or delayed the expression of D-type cyclin (CYCD3-1) and shoot-regeneration regulatory gene WUSCHEL (WUS) in cotyledon explants of tobacco and tomato. However, compared to that in control SIM, the expression of WUS was promoted more rapidly in tobacco calli cultured in NaB-containing SIM, but the expression of CYCD3-1 was inhibited. In conclusion, the effect of NaB on adventitious shoot formation and expression of CYCD3-1 and WUS genes depended on the plant species and whether the effects were tested on explants or protoplast-derived calli.

Highlights

The ability of plants to dedifferentiate and regenerate cells from differentiated somatic tissues in plants has served as an important tool for producing fully functional plantlets from plant explants or cells
We investigated the effect of NaB on callus growth and adventitious shoot formation in the callus induction medium (CIM)
We examined the effect of NaB on callus growth and adventitious shoot formation in the shoot induction medium (SIM) (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

The ability of plants to dedifferentiate and regenerate cells from differentiated somatic tissues in plants has served as an important tool for producing fully functional plantlets from plant explants or cells. The regenerative capacity of plant cells can be enhanced in vitro in nutrient media supplemented with plant hormones [1,2], and in particular, the ratio of auxin to cytokinin plays an important role in the determination of shoot, root, or callus differentiation [1,3]. CUC1 and CUC2, encoding a pair of paralogous NAC transcription factors, are required for shoot meristem initiation through the promotion of STM expression [9]. Type-B Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs) play an important role in the regulation of auxin levels by cytokinin signaling [13], which leads to cell-cycle re-entry via the up-regulation of D-type cyclin CYCD3;1 [14].

Methods

Results

Conclusion