Malarial cases presenting to a European urban Emergency Department

Abstract

Malaria accounts for approximately 225 million infections and 781 000 deaths annually worldwide. Malaria should be considered in the Emergency Department as an important cause of illness in returning travellers. We were interested in evaluating the malarial caseload presenting to an urban inner city Emergency Department in terms of the nature and severity of clinical presentations. A retrospective study of all cases of malaria presenting to our Emergency Department from 1 January 2004 to the 31 December 2010 was conducted. Information about patient demographics, areas in which malaria was contracted, clinical course, treatment and complications was recorded from chart reviews. Fifty-six cases of malaria were diagnosed in the period studied. The majority of patients had falciparum malaria (80%), were originally from West or Central Africa (75%), were mainly from Nigeria (48%), and were visiting friends and relatives in their country of origin. A total of 79% had not taken appropriate antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. A total of 7% were classified as severe malaria according to the WHO criteria. There was one death. Malarial cases occurred predominantly in immigrants who were returning to endemic areas to visit friends and relatives in their country of origin. The majority of patients did not undergo antimalarial prophylaxis. Severe malaria is a medical emergency requiring urgent recognition and appropriate antimicrobial and critical care therapy. Improving public awareness and healthcare promotion regarding risks of travel-related malaria may help to improve compliance with prophylaxis and preventative measures, and thereby reduce the prevalence of malarial infection in this group.