Malaria vectors diversity, insecticide resistance and transmission during the rainy season in peri-urban villages of south-western Burkina Faso

Dieudonné Diloma Soma,Moussa Namountougou,Florence Fournet,Serge Bèwadéyir Poda,Roch Kounbobr Dabiré,Ibrahim Sangaré,Abdoulaye Diabaté,Aristide Sawdetuo Hien,Georges Anicet Ouédraogo,Nicolas Moiroux,John Marie Emmanuel Sawadogo

doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03554-5

Abstract

BackgroundThis study reports an updated description on malaria vector diversity, behaviour, insecticide resistance and malaria transmission in the Diébougou and Dano peri-urban areas, Burkina Faso.MethodsMosquitoes were caught monthly using CDC light traps and pyrethrum spray catches. Mosquitoes were identified using morphological taxonomic keys. PCR techniques were used to identify the species of the Anopheles gambiae complex and insecticide resistance mechanisms in a subset of Anopheles vectors. The Plasmodium sporozoite infection status and origins of blood meals of female mosquitoes were determined by ELISA methods. Larvae were collected, breed in the insectary and tested for phenotypic resistance against four insecticides using WHO bioassays.ResultsThis study contributed to update the entomological data in two peri-urban areas of Southwest Burkina Faso. Anopheles populations were mostly anthropophilic and endophilic in both areas and exhibit high susceptibility to an organophosphate insecticide. This offers an alternative for the control of these pyrethroid-resistant populations. These data might help the National Malaria Control Programme for decision-making about vector control planning and resistance management.ConclusionsThis study contributed to update the entomological data in two peri-urban areas of Southwest Burkina Faso. Anopheles populations were mostly anthropophilic and endophilic in both areas and exhibit high susceptibility to an organophosphate insecticide. This offers an alternative for the control of these pyrethroid-resistant populations. These data might help the National Malaria Control Programme for decision-making about vector control planning and resistance management.

Highlights

This study reports an updated description on malaria vector diversity, behaviour, insecticide resistance and malaria transmission in the Diébougou and Dano peri-urban areas, Burkina Faso
Regarding mosquitoes collected by Center Disease Control (CDC) light trap, the mean density of Anopheles per trap and per night was 21.9 in Diébougou not significantly different than 27.1 in Dano (Density Rate Ratio Density rate ratios (DRR) = 1.10, IC95% [0.23; 5.17]; P = 0.89)
Similar observations have been reported by Dabiré et al [37] in two savannah villages (Soumousso and Lena) in Burkina Faso, where An. funestus group was found as the major malaria vector towards the end of the rainy season

Summary

Introduction

This study reports an updated description on malaria vector diversity, behaviour, insecticide resistance and malaria transmission in the Diébougou and Dano peri-urban areas, Burkina Faso. The same year, 94% of all malaria deaths occurred in sub-Saharan African [1] countries, Soma et al Malar J (2021) 20:63 where malaria control consumes a major part of the national health budgets [2, 3]. Malaria control policies in Burkina Faso include intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) for pregnant women, Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) for children from 0 to 5 years old and the universal coverage with LLINs, according to the WHO recommendations [7,8,9]. In 2011 and 2012, the National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCP) of Burkina Faso in collaboration with President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) implemented IRS as a pilot intervention in several villages of the Diébougou health district (South-West of Burkina Faso)

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Conclusion