Abstract
Dam constructions are considered a great concern for public health. The current study aimed to investigate malaria transmission in the Nyabessan village around the Memve’ele dam in South Cameroon. Adult mosquitoes were captured by human landing catches in Nyabessan before and during dam construction in 2000–2006 and 2014–2016 respectively, as well as in the Olama village, which was selected as a control. Malaria vectors were morphologically identified and analyzed for Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein detection and molecular identification of Anopheles (A.) gambiae species. Overall, ten malaria vector species were identified among 12,189 Anopheles specimens from Nyabessan (N = 6127) and Olama (N = 6062), including A. gambiae Giles (1902), A. coluzzii Coetzee (2013), A. moucheti Evans (1925), A. ovengensis Awono (2004), A. nili Theobald (1903), A. paludis Theobald (1900), A. zieanni, A. marshallii Theobald (1903), A. coustani Laveran (1900), and A. obscurus Grünberg (1905). In Nyabessan, A. moucheti and A. ovengensis were the main vector species before dam construction (16–50 bites/person/night-b/p/n, 0.26–0.71 infective bites/person/night-ib/p/n) that experienced a reduction of their role in disease transmission in 2016 (3–35 b/p/n, 0–0.5 ib/p/n) (p < 0.005). By contrast, the role of A. gambiae s.l. and A. paludis increased (11–38 b/p/n, 0.75–1.2 ib/p/n) (p < 0.01). In Olama, A. moucheti remained the main malaria vector species throughout the study period (p = 0.5). These findings highlight the need for a strong vector-borne disease surveillance and control system around the Memve’ele dam.
Highlights
Each environmental change, whether occurring as a natural phenomenon or through human intervention, may alter the ecological balance within which disease hosts, vectors, and parasitesInt
A. moucheti remained the most abundant malaria vector species (69%–99%) regardless of the collection period, its proportion significantly decreased in 2014 (69%) (p < 0.0001) and was balanced with A. ziemanni (29%) (Figure 2)
The current study provided up-to-date information on the important and increasing role of A. paludis in malaria transmission in Nyabessan among the vectors that were previously predominant in the study area such as A. moucheti and A. ovengensis as well as those that were scarce, such as A. gambiae s.l
Summary
Whether occurring as a natural phenomenon or through human intervention, may alter the ecological balance within which disease hosts, vectors, and parasitesInt. Whether occurring as a natural phenomenon or through human intervention, may alter the ecological balance within which disease hosts, vectors, and parasites. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1618; doi:10.3390/ijerph16091618 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1618 develop [1,2]. Among the major environmental changes are deforestation, urbanization, agriculture, water drainage, and climate change, which affect the lifecycles and anthropogenic interactions between insect vectors of pathogens and human populations, with significant impact on disease transmission
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